Debian 参考手册

Osamu Aoki (青木 修)

摘要

这本书是免费的;你可以在与 Debian 自由软件指导方针(DFSG)兼容的任意版本的 GNU 通用公共许可证的条款下重新分发和/或修改本书。


目录

序言
1. 免责声明
2. 什么是 Debian ?
3. 关于本文档
3.1. 指导原则
3.2. 预备知识
3.3. 排版约定
3.4. popcon 流行度
3.5. 包大小
3.6. 给本文档报告 Bug
4. 一些对新使用者的引导
1. GNU/Linux 教程
1.1. 控制台基础
1.1.1. shell 提示符
1.1.2. X 系统下的 shell 提示符
1.1.3. root 账户
1.1.4. root shell 提示符
1.1.5. GUI系统管理工具
1.1.6. 虚拟控制台
1.1.7. 怎样退出命令行提示符
1.1.8. 怎样关闭系统
1.1.9. 恢复一个正常的控制台
1.1.10. 建议新手的额外软件包
1.1.11. 额外用户账号
1.1.12. sudo 配置
1.1.13. 玩的时间
1.2. 类 Unix 文件系统
1.2.1. Unix 文件基础
1.2.2. 文件系统深入解析
1.2.3. 文件系统权限
1.2.4. 控制新建文件的权限:umask
1.2.5. 一组用户的权限(组)
1.2.6. 时间戳
1.2.7. 链接
1.2.8. 命名管道(先进先出)
1.2.9. 套接字
1.2.10. 设备文件
1.2.11. 特殊设备文件
1.2.12. procfs 和 sysfs
1.2.13. tmpfs
1.3. Midnight Commander (MC)
1.3.1. 自定义 MC
1.3.2. 启动 MC
1.3.3. MC 文件管理
1.3.4. MC 命令行技巧
1.3.5. MC 内部编辑器
1.3.6. MC 内部查看器
1.3.7. 自动启动 MC
1.3.8. MC 中的 FTP 虚拟文件系统
1.4. 类 Unix 工作环境基础
1.4.1. 登录 shell
1.4.2. 定制bash
1.4.3. 特殊按键
1.4.4. Unix类型的鼠标操作
1.4.5. 文件内容查看
1.4.6. 文本编辑器
1.4.7. 设置默认文本编辑器
1.4.8. 定制vim
1.4.9. 记录 shell 活动
1.4.10. 基本的Unix命令
1.5. 简单 shell 命令
1.5.1. 命令执行和环境变量
1.5.2. “$LANG”变量
1.5.3. "$PATH" 变量
1.5.4. "$HOME" 变量
1.5.5. 命令行选项
1.5.6. Shell glob
1.5.7. 命令的返回值
1.5.8. 典型的顺序命令和 shell 重定向
1.5.9. 命令别名
1.6. 类 Unix 的文本处理
1.6.1. Unix 文本工具
1.6.2. 正则表达式
1.6.3. 替换表达式
1.6.4. 正则表达式的全局替换
1.6.5. 从文本文件的表格中提取数据
1.6.6. 用于管道命令的小片段脚本
2. Debian 软件包管理
2.1. Debian 软件包管理的前提
2.1.1. 软件包配置
2.1.2. 基本的注意事项
2.1.3. 持续升级的生活
2.1.4. Debian 档案库基础
2.1.5. Debian 是100% 的自由软件
2.1.6. 软件包依赖关系
2.1.7. The event flow of the package management
2.1.8. First response to package management troubles
2.2. 基础软件包管理操作
2.2.1. apt-get / apt-cache vs. aptitude
2.2.2. 命令行中的基础软件包管理操作
2.2.3. aptitude 的交互式使用
2.2.4. aptitude 的按键绑定
2.2.5. Package views under aptitude
2.2.6. Search method options with aptitude
2.2.7. The aptitude regex formula
2.2.8. Dependency resolution of aptitude
2.2.9. Package activity logs
2.3. Examples of aptitude operations
2.3.1. Listing packages with regex matching on package names
2.3.2. Browsing with the regex matching
2.3.3. Purging removed packages for good
2.3.4. Tidying auto/manual install status
2.3.5. System wide upgrade
2.4. 高级软件包管理操作
2.4.1. 命令行中的高级软件包管理操作
2.4.2. 验证安装的软件包文件
2.4.3. 预防软件包故障
2.4.4. 搜索软件包元数据
2.5. Debian 内部软件包管理
2.5.1. 档案库元数据
2.5.2. Top level "Release" file and authenticity
2.5.3. Archive level "Release" files
2.5.4. 获取用于软件包的元数据
2.5.5. The package state for APT
2.5.6. The package state for aptitude
2.5.7. Local copies of the fetched packages
2.5.8. Debian package file names
2.5.9. The dpkg command
2.5.10. The update-alternatives command
2.5.11. The dpkg-statoverride command
2.5.12. The dpkg-divert command
2.6. Recovery from a broken system
2.6.1. Incompatibility with old user configuration
2.6.2. Different packages with overlapped files
2.6.3. Fixing broken package script
2.6.4. Rescue with the dpkg command
2.6.5. Recovering package selection data
2.7. Tips for the package management
2.7.1. How to pick Debian packages
2.7.2. Packages from mixed source of archives
2.7.3. Tweaking candidate version
2.7.4. Updates and Backports
2.7.5. Blocking packages installed by "Recommends"
2.7.6. Tracking testing with some packages from unstable
2.7.7. Tracking unstable with some packages from experimental
2.7.8. Automatic download and upgrade of packages
2.7.9. Limiting download bandwidth for APT
2.7.10. Emergency downgrading
2.7.11. Who uploaded the package?
2.7.12. The equivs package
2.7.13. Porting a package to the stable system
2.7.14. Proxy server for APT
2.7.15. Small public package archive
2.7.16. Recording and copying system configuration
2.7.17. Converting or installing an alien binary package
2.7.18. Extracting package without dpkg
2.7.19. More readings for the package management
3. 系统初始化
3.1. 启动过程概述
3.1.1. 第一阶段:BIOS
3.1.2. 第二阶段:引载加载程序
3.1.3. 第三阶段:迷你 Debian 系统
3.1.4. 第四阶段:常规 Debian 系统
3.2. SysV 风格的 init
3.2.1. 运行级别的含义
3.2.2. 运行级别的配置
3.2.3. 运行级别管理示例
3.2.4. The default parameter for each init script
3.2.5. 主机名
3.2.6. 文件系统
3.2.7. 网络接口初始化
3.2.8. 网络服务初始化
3.2.9. 系统信息
3.2.10. 内核信息
3.3. udev 系统
3.3.1. 内核模块初始化
4. Authentication
4.1. Normal Unix authentication
4.2. Managing account and password information
4.3. Good password
4.4. Creating encrypted password
4.5. PAM and NSS
4.5.1. Configuration files accessed by PAM and NSS
4.5.2. The modern centralized system management
4.5.3. "Why GNU su does not support the wheel group"
4.5.4. Stricter password rule
4.6. Other access controls
4.6.1. sudo
4.6.2. PolicyKit
4.6.3. SELinux
4.6.4. Restricting access to some server services
4.7. Security of authentication
4.7.1. Secure password on the Internet
4.7.2. Secure Shell
4.7.3. Extra security measures for the Internet
4.7.4. Securing the root password
5. 网络设置
5.1. 基本网络架构
5.1.1. 主机名解析
5.1.2. 网络接口名称
5.1.3. 局域网网络地址范围
5.1.4. 网络设备支持
5.2. The modern network configuration for desktop
5.2.1. 图形界面的网络配置工具
5.3. 旧的网络连接和配置
5.4. 网络连接方式(旧)
5.4.1. 以太网 DHCP 连接
5.4.2. 以太网静态 IP 连接
5.4.3. 使用 pppconfig 的 PPP 连接
5.4.4. 使用 wvdialconf 的另一种可选的 PPP 连接
5.4.5. 使用 pppoeconf 的 PPPoE 以太网连接
5.5. 使用 ifupdown 进行基本网络配置(旧)
5.5.1. 简单的命令语法
5.5.2. "/etc/network/interfaces" 基本语法
5.5.3. 回环网络接口
5.5.4. 使用 DHCP 的网络接口
5.5.5. 使用静态 IP 地址的网络接口
5.5.6. 无线局域网接口基础
5.5.7. 使用 WPA/WPA2 的无线局域网接口
5.5.8. 使用 WEP 的无线局域网接口
5.5.9. PPP 连接
5.5.10. 另一种 PPP 连接
5.5.11. PPPoE 连接
5.5.12. ifupdown 网络配置状态
5.5.13. 网络重新配置基础
5.5.14. ifupdown-extra 包
5.6. 使用 ifupdown 的高级网络配置(旧)
5.6.1. The ifplugd package
5.6.2. The ifmetric package
5.6.3. The virtual interface
5.6.4. The advanced command syntax
5.6.5. The mapping stanza
5.6.6. The manually switchable network configuration
5.6.7. Scripting with the ifupdown system
5.6.8. Mapping with guessnet
5.7. 底层网络配置
5.7.1. Iproute2 命令
5.7.2. 安全的底层网络操作
5.8. 网络优化
5.8.1. Finding optimal MTU
5.8.2. Setting MTU
5.8.3. WAN TCP optimization
5.9. Netfilter infrastructure
6. Network applications
6.1. 网页浏览器
6.1.1. Browser configuration
6.2. The mail system
6.2.1. Email basics
6.2.2. Modern mail service basics
6.2.3. The mail configuration strategy for workstation
6.3. Mail transport agent (MTA)
6.3.1. The configuration of exim4
6.3.2. The configuration of postfix with SASL
6.3.3. The mail address configuration
6.3.4. Basic MTA operations
6.4. Mail user agent (MUA)
6.4.1. Basic MUA — Mutt
6.5. The remote mail retrieval and forward utility
6.5.1. getmail configuration
6.5.2. fetchmail configuration
6.6. Mail delivery agent (MDA) with filter
6.6.1. maildrop configuration
6.6.2. procmail configuration
6.6.3. Redeliver mbox contents
6.7. POP3/IMAP4 server
6.8. The print server and utilities
6.9. 服务器远程访问和工具 (SSH)
6.9.1. SSH 基础
6.9.2. SMTP/POP3 隧道的端口转发
6.9.3. 免密码远程连接
6.9.4. 处理其它 SSH 客户端
6.9.5. 建立 ssh 代理
6.9.6. 怎样通过 SSH 关闭远程系统
6.9.7. SSH 故障排查
6.10. 其它网络应用服务
6.11. 其它网络应用客户端
6.12. 系统后台守护进程(daemon)诊断
7. X Window 系统
7.1. Key packages
7.2. Setting up desktop environment
7.2.1. Debian menu
7.2.2. Freedesktop.org menu
7.2.3. Debian menu from Freedesktop.org menu
7.3. The server/client relationship
7.4. The X server
7.4.1. The (re)configuration of the X server
7.4.2. The connection methods to the X server
7.5. Starting the X Window System
7.5.1. Starting X session with gdm3
7.5.2. Customizing the X session (classic method)
7.5.3. Customizing the X session (new method)
7.5.4. Connecting a remote X client via SSH
7.5.5. Secure X terminal via the Internet
7.6. Fonts in the X Window
7.6.1. Basic fonts
7.6.2. Additional fonts
7.6.3. CJK fonts
7.7. X applications
7.7.1. X office applications
7.7.2. X utility applications
7.8. The X trivia
7.8.1. Clipboard
7.8.2. Keymaps and pointer button mappings in X
7.8.3. Classic X clients
7.8.4. The X terminal emulator — xterm
7.8.5. Running X clients as root
8. I18N 和 L10N
8.1. 键盘输入
8.1.1. IBus 支持的输入方式
8.1.2. 一个日语的例子
8.1.3. Disabling the input method
8.2. The display output
8.3. The locale
8.3.1. Basics of encoding
8.3.2. Rationale for UTF-8 locale
8.3.3. The reconfiguration of the locale
8.3.4. The value of the "$LANG" environment variable
8.3.5. Specific locale only under X Window
8.3.6. 文件名编码
8.3.7. 本地化信息和翻译文档
8.3.8. locale 的影响
9. 系统技巧
9.1. screen 程序
9.1.1. screen(1) 的使用场景
9.1.2. screen 命令的键绑定
9.2. 数据记录和展示
9.2.1. 日志后台守护进程(daemon)
9.2.2. 日志分析
9.2.3. Recording the shell activities cleanly
9.2.4. Customized display of text data
9.2.5. Customized display of time and date
9.2.6. Colorized shell echo
9.2.7. Colorized commands
9.2.8. Recording the editor activities for complex repeats
9.2.9. Recording the graphic image of an X application
9.2.10. Recording changes in configuration files
9.3. Monitoring, controlling, and starting program activities
9.3.1. Timing a process
9.3.2. The scheduling priority
9.3.3. The ps command
9.3.4. The top command
9.3.5. Listing files opened by a process
9.3.6. Tracing program activities
9.3.7. Identification of processes using files or sockets
9.3.8. Repeating a command with a constant interval
9.3.9. Repeating a command looping over files
9.3.10. Starting a program from GUI
9.3.11. Customizing program to be started
9.3.12. Killing a process
9.3.13. Scheduling tasks once
9.3.14. Scheduling tasks regularly
9.3.15. Alt-SysRq key
9.4. 系统维护技巧
9.4.1. 谁在系统里?
9.4.2. 警告所有人
9.4.3. 硬件识别
9.4.4. 硬件配置
9.4.5. 系统时间和硬件时间
9.4.6. 终端配置
9.4.7. The sound infrastructure
9.4.8. 关闭屏幕保护
9.4.9. 关闭蜂鸣声
9.4.10. 内存使用
9.4.11. System security and integrity check
9.5. Data storage tips
9.5.1. Disk space usage
9.5.2. Disk partition configuration
9.5.3. Accessing partition using UUID
9.5.4. LVM2
9.5.5. 文件系统配置
9.5.6. 文件系统创建和完整性检查
9.5.7. Optimization of filesystem by mount options
9.5.8. Optimization of filesystem via superblock
9.5.9. Optimization of hard disk
9.5.10. Optimization of solid state drive
9.5.11. Using SMART to predict hard disk failure
9.5.12. Specify temporary storage directory via $TMPDIR
9.5.13. Expansion of usable storage space via LVM
9.5.14. Expansion of usable storage space by mounting another partition
9.5.15. Expansion of usable storage space by bind-mounting another directory
9.5.16. Expansion of usable storage space using symlink
9.5.17. Expansion of usable storage space using overlayfs
9.6. The disk image
9.6.1. Making the disk image file
9.6.2. Writing directly to the disk
9.6.3. Mounting the disk image file
9.6.4. Cleaning a disk image file
9.6.5. Making the empty disk image file
9.6.6. Making the ISO9660 image file
9.6.7. Writing directly to the CD/DVD-R/RW
9.6.8. 挂载 ISO9660 镜像文件
9.7. 二进制数据
9.7.1. 查看和编辑二进制数据
9.7.2. 不挂载磁盘操作文件
9.7.3. Data redundancy
9.7.4. Data file recovery and forensic analysis
9.7.5. Splitting a large file into small files
9.7.6. Clearing file contents
9.7.7. 样子文件
9.7.8. Erasing an entire hard disk
9.7.9. Erasing unused area of an hard disk
9.7.10. Undeleting deleted but still open files
9.7.11. 查找所有硬链接
9.7.12. 不可见磁盘空间消耗
9.8. Data encryption tips
9.8.1. Removable disk encryption with dm-crypt/LUKS
9.8.2. Encrypted swap partition with dm-crypt
9.8.3. Mounting encrypted disk with dm-crypt/LUKS
9.8.4. Automatically encrypting files with eCryptfs
9.8.5. Automatically mounting eCryptfs
9.9. The kernel
9.9.1. Linux kernel 2.6/3.x
9.9.2. Kernel parameters
9.9.3. Kernel headers
9.9.4. Compiling the kernel and related modules
9.9.5. Compiling the kernel source: Debian Kernel Team recommendation
9.9.6. Hardware drivers and firmware
9.10. Virtualized system
9.10.1. Virtualization tools
9.10.2. Virtualization work flow
9.10.3. Mounting the virtual disk image file
9.10.4. Chroot system
9.10.5. Multiple desktop systems
10. Data management
10.1. Sharing, copying, and archiving
10.1.1. Archive and compression tools
10.1.2. Copy and synchronization tools
10.1.3. Idioms for the archive
10.1.4. Idioms for the copy
10.1.5. Idioms for the selection of files
10.1.6. Archive media
10.1.7. Removable storage device
10.1.8. Filesystem choice for sharing data
10.1.9. Sharing data via network
10.2. Backup and recovery
10.2.1. Backup utility suites
10.2.2. An example script for the system backup
10.2.3. A copy script for the data backup
10.3. Data security infrastructure
10.3.1. Key management for GnuPG
10.3.2. Using GnuPG on files
10.3.3. Using GnuPG with Mutt
10.3.4. Using GnuPG with Vim
10.3.5. The MD5 sum
10.4. Source code merge tools
10.4.1. Extracting differences for source files
10.4.2. Merging updates for source files
10.4.3. Updating via 3-way-merge
10.5. Version control systems
10.5.1. Comparison of VCS commands
10.6. Git
10.6.1. 配置 Git 客户端
10.6.2. Git 参考
10.6.3. Git 命令
10.6.4. 用于 Subversion 仓库的 Git
10.6.5. 记录配置历史的 Git
10.7. CVS
10.7.1. Configuration of CVS repository
10.7.2. Local access to CVS
10.7.3. Remote access to CVS with pserver
10.7.4. Remote access to CVS with ssh
10.7.5. Importing a new source to CVS
10.7.6. File permissions in CVS repository
10.7.7. Work flow of CVS
10.7.8. Latest files from CVS
10.7.9. Administration of CVS
10.7.10. Execution bit for CVS checkout
10.8. Subversion
10.8.1. Configuration of Subversion repository
10.8.2. Access to Subversion via Apache2 server
10.8.3. Local access to Subversion by group
10.8.4. Remote access to Subversion via SSH
10.8.5. Subversion directory structure
10.8.6. Importing a new source to Subversion
10.8.7. Work flow of Subversion
11. Data conversion
11.1. Text data conversion tools
11.1.1. Converting a text file with iconv
11.1.2. Checking file to be UTF-8 with iconv
11.1.3. Converting file names with iconv
11.1.4. EOL conversion
11.1.5. TAB conversion
11.1.6. Editors with auto-conversion
11.1.7. Plain text extraction
11.1.8. Highlighting and formatting plain text data
11.2. XML data
11.2.1. Basic hints for XML
11.2.2. XML processing
11.2.3. The XML data extraction
11.3. Type setting
11.3.1. roff typesetting
11.3.2. TeX/LaTeX
11.3.3. Pretty print a manual page
11.3.4. Creating a manual page
11.4. Printable data
11.4.1. Ghostscript
11.4.2. Merge two PS or PDF files
11.4.3. Printable data utilities
11.4.4. Printing with CUPS
11.5. The mail data conversion
11.5.1. Mail data basics
11.6. Graphic data tools
11.7. Miscellaneous data conversion
12. 编程
12.1. Shell 脚本
12.1.1. POSIX shell 兼容性
12.1.2. Shell 参数
12.1.3. Shell conditionals
12.1.4. Shell loops
12.1.5. The shell command-line processing sequence
12.1.6. Utility programs for shell script
12.1.7. Shell script dialog
12.1.8. Shell script example with zenity
12.2. Make
12.3. C
12.3.1. Simple C program (gcc)
12.4. Debug
12.4.1. Basic gdb execution
12.4.2. Debugging the Debian package
12.4.3. Obtaining backtrace
12.4.4. Advanced gdb commands
12.4.5. Debugging X Errors
12.4.6. Check dependency on libraries
12.4.7. Memory leak detection tools
12.4.8. Static code analysis tools
12.4.9. Disassemble binary
12.5. Flex — a better Lex
12.6. Bison — a better Yacc
12.7. Autoconf
12.7.1. Compile and install a program
12.7.2. Uninstall program
12.8. Perl short script madness
12.9. Web
12.10. 源代码转换
12.11. 制作 Debian 包
A. 附录
A.1. Debian 迷宫
A.2. 版权历史
A.3. 文档格式

表格清单

1.1. 有趣的文本模式程序包列表
1.2. 软件包信息文档列表
1.3. 重要目录的用途列表
1.4. ls -l”输出的第一个字符列表
1.5. chmod(1) 命令文件权限的数字模式
1.6. umask值举例
1.7. 关于文件访问的由系统提供的著名组列表
1.8. 著名的由系统提供用于特定命令运行的组列表
1.9. 时间戳类型列表
1.10. 特殊设备文件列表
1.11. MC 快捷键绑定
1.12. MC 中对回车键的响应
1.13. shell 程序列表
1.14. bash的按键绑定列表
1.15. Unix样式的鼠标操作列表
1.16. 基本的Unix命令列表
1.17. locale 值的 3 个部分
1.18. locale 推荐列表
1.19. "$HOME" 变量值列表
1.20. Shell glob 模式
1.21. 命令的退出代码
1.22. Shell 命令习语
1.23. 预定义的文件描述符
1.24. BRE 和 ERE 中的元字符
1.25. 替换表达式
1.26. 管道命令的小片段脚本列表
2.1. Debian 软件包管理工具列表
2.2. Debian 档案库站点列表
2.3. Debian 归档列表
2.4. 套件和代号的关系
2.5. 解决特定软件包问题的主要网站
2.6. 使用 aptitude(8)apt-get(8) / apt-cache(8) 的命令行基本软件包管理操作
2.7. aptitude(8) 值得注意的命令选项
2.8. aptitude 的按键绑定
2.9. List of views for aptitude
2.10. The categorization of standard package views
2.11. List of the aptitude regex formula
2.12. The log files for package activities
2.13. 高级软件包管理操作
2.14. Debian 档案库元数据的内容
2.15. The name structure of Debian packages
2.16. The usable characters for each component in the Debian package names
2.17. The notable files created by dpkg
2.18. List of notable Pin-Priority values for apt-pinning technique.
2.19. List of the proxy tools specially for Debian archive
3.1. 引导加载程序列表
3.2. GRUB 参数的含义
3.3. Debian 系统启动工具列表
3.4. 运行级别及其使用方法描述列表
3.5. 内核错误级别表
4.1. 3 important configuration files for pam_unix(8)
4.2. The second entry content of "/etc/passwd"
4.3. List of commands to manage account information
4.4. List of tools to generate password
4.5. List of notable PAM and NSS systems
4.6. List of configuration files accessed by PAM and NSS
4.7. List of insecure and secure services and ports
4.8. List of tools to provide extra security measures
5.1. 网络配置工具一览表
5.2. 网络地址范围列表
5.3. 网络连接方式和连接路径列表
5.4. 网络连接配置列表
5.5. 网络连接缩略语列表
5.6. 使用 pppconfig 的 PPP 连接配置文件列表
5.7. 使用 wvdialconf 的 PPP 连接配置文件列表
5.8. 使用 pppoeconf 的 PPPoE 连接配置文件列表
5.9. 使用 ifupdown 进行基本网络配置的命令列表
5.10. "/etc/network/interfaces" 里面的节列表
5.11. WLAN 缩写词列表
5.12. List of terminology for network devices
5.13. List of advanced network configuration commands with ifupdown
5.14. List of environment variables passed by the ifupdown system
5.15. 从旧的 net-tools 命令集到新的 iproute2 命令集转换表
5.16. 底层网络命令列表
5.17. 网络优化工具列表
5.18. Basic guide lines of the optimal MTU value
5.19. List of firewall tools
6.1. 网页浏览器列表
6.2. List of browser plugin packages
6.3. List of basic mail transport agent related packages for workstation
6.4. List of choices for mail transport agent (MTA) packages in Debian archive
6.5. List of important postfix manual pages
6.6. List of mail address related configuration files
6.7. List of basic MTA operation
6.8. List of mail user agent (MUA)
6.9. List of remote mail retrieval and forward utilities
6.10. List of MDA with filter
6.11. List of POP3/IMAP4 servers
6.12. 打印服务和工具列表
6.13. 服务器远程访问和工具列表
6.14. SSH 认证协议和方式列表
6.15. SSH 配置文件列表
6.16. SSH 客户端启动例子列表
6.17. 其它平台上免费 SSH 客户端列表
6.18. 其它网络应用服务列表
6.19. 网络应用客户端列表
6.20. 常用 RFC 列表
7.1. List of key (meta)packages for X Window
7.2. List of server/client terminology
7.3. List of connection methods to the X server
7.4. Table of packages to support X Window font systems
7.5. Table of corresponding PostScript Type 1 fonts
7.6. Table of corresponding TrueType fonts
7.7. Table of key words used in CJK font names to indicate font types
7.8. List of basic X office applications
7.9. List of basic X utility applications
7.10. List of basic X selection programs
8.1. IBus 支持的输入方式列表
9.1. 支持可中断网络连接的程序列表
9.2. screen 键绑定列表
9.3. List of system log analyzers
9.4. Display examples of time and date for the "ls -l" command for wheezy
9.5. List of graphic image manipulation tools
9.6. List of packages to record configuration history in VCS
9.7. List of tools for monitoring and controlling program activities
9.8. List of nice values for the scheduling priority
9.9. List of ps command styles
9.10. List of frequently used signals for kill command
9.11. List of SAK command keys
9.12. 硬件识别工具列表
9.13. 硬件配置工具列表
9.14. List of sound packages
9.15. 关闭屏幕保护命令列表
9.16. List of memory sizes reported
9.17. List of tools for system security and integrity check
9.18. List of disk partition management packages
9.19. 文件系统管理包列表
9.20. List of packages which view and edit binary data
9.21. 不挂载磁盘操作文件的软件包列表
9.22. List of tools to add data redundancy to files
9.23. List of packages for data file recovery and forensic analysis
9.24. List of data encryption utilities
9.25. List of key packages to be installed for the kernel recompilation on the Debian system
9.26. List of virtualization tools
10.1. List of archive and compression tools
10.2. List of copy and synchronization tools
10.3. List of filesystem choices for removable storage devices with typical usage scenarios
10.4. List of the network service to chose with the typical usage scenario
10.5. List of backup suite utilities
10.6. List of data security infrastructure tools
10.7. List of GNU Privacy Guard commands for the key management
10.8. List of the meaning of the trust code
10.9. List of GNU Privacy Guard commands on files
10.10. List of source code merge tools
10.11. List of version control system tools
10.12. Comparison of native VCS commands
10.13. git 相关包和命令列表
10.14. Notable options for CVS commands (use as first argument(s) to cvs(1))
10.15. Notable options for Subversion commands (use as first argument(s) to svn(1))
11.1. List of text data conversion tools
11.2. List of encoding values and their usage
11.3. List of EOL styles for different platforms
11.4. List of TAB conversion commands from bsdmainutils and coreutils packages
11.5. List of tools to extract plain text data
11.6. List of tools to highlight plain text data
11.7. List of predefined entities for XML
11.8. List of XML tools
11.9. List of DSSSL tools
11.10. List of XML data extraction tools
11.11. List of XML pretty print tools
11.12. List of type setting tools
11.13. List of packages to help creating the manpage
11.14. List of Ghostscript PostScript interpreters
11.15. List of printable data utilities
11.16. List of packages to help mail data conversion
11.17. List of graphic data tools
11.18. List of miscellaneous data conversion tools
12.1. 帮助编程的软件包清单
12.2. List of typical bashisms
12.3. shell 参数列表
12.4. List of shell parameter expansions
12.5. List of key shell parameter substitutions
12.6. List of file comparison operators in the conditional expression
12.7. List of string comparison operators in the conditional expression
12.8. List of packages containing small utility programs for shell scripts
12.9. List of user interface programs
12.10. List of make automatic variables
12.11. List of make variable expansions
12.12. List of advanced gdb commands
12.13. List of memory leak detection tools
12.14. List of tools for static code analysis
12.15. List of Yacc-compatible LALR parser generators
12.16. 源代码转换工具列表