Visualization¶
We use the standard convention for referencing the matplotlib API:
In [1]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
The plots in this document are made using matplotlib’s ggplot style (new in version 1.4):
import matplotlib
matplotlib.style.use('ggplot')
We provide the basics in pandas to easily create decent looking plots. See the ecosystem section for visualization libraries that go beyond the basics documented here.
Note
All calls to np.random are seeded with 123456.
Basic Plotting: plot¶
See the cookbook for some advanced strategies
The plot method on Series and DataFrame is just a simple wrapper around
plt.plot():
In [2]: ts = pd.Series(np.random.randn(1000), index=pd.date_range('1/1/2000', periods=1000))
In [3]: ts = ts.cumsum()
In [4]: ts.plot()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-8a34b37f0ce9> in <module>()
----> 1 ts.plot()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
If the index consists of dates, it calls gcf().autofmt_xdate()
to try to format the x-axis nicely as per above.
On DataFrame, plot() is a convenience to plot all of the columns with labels:
In [5]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(1000, 4), index=ts.index, columns=list('ABCD'))
In [6]: df = df.cumsum()
In [7]: plt.figure(); df.plot();
You can plot one column versus another using the x and y keywords in
plot():
In [8]: df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(1000, 2), columns=['B', 'C']).cumsum()
In [9]: df3['A'] = pd.Series(list(range(len(df))))
In [10]: df3.plot(x='A', y='B')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-10-6b33533f2e7d> in <module>()
----> 1 df3.plot(x='A', y='B')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Note
For more formatting and styling options, see below.
Other Plots¶
Plotting methods allow for a handful of plot styles other than the
default Line plot. These methods can be provided as the kind
keyword argument to plot().
These include:
- ‘bar’ or ‘barh’ for bar plots
- ‘hist’ for histogram
- ‘box’ for boxplot
- ‘kde’ or
'density'for density plots - ‘area’ for area plots
- ‘scatter’ for scatter plots
- ‘hexbin’ for hexagonal bin plots
- ‘pie’ for pie plots
For example, a bar plot can be created the following way:
In [11]: plt.figure();
In [12]: df.iloc[5].plot(kind='bar'); plt.axhline(0, color='k')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-12-cc4ea1a774e4> in <module>()
----> 1 df.iloc[5].plot(kind='bar'); plt.axhline(0, color='k')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
New in version 0.17.0.
You can also create these other plots using the methods DataFrame.plot.<kind> instead of providing the kind keyword argument. This makes it easier to discover plot methods and the specific arguments they use:
In [13]: df = pd.DataFrame()
In [14]: df.plot.<TAB>
df.plot.area df.plot.barh df.plot.density df.plot.hist df.plot.line df.plot.scatter
df.plot.bar df.plot.box df.plot.hexbin df.plot.kde df.plot.pie
In addition to these kind s, there are the DataFrame.hist(),
and DataFrame.boxplot() methods, which use a separate interface.
Finally, there are several plotting functions in pandas.plotting
that take a Series or DataFrame as an argument. These
include
- Scatter Matrix
- Andrews Curves
- Parallel Coordinates
- Lag Plot
- Autocorrelation Plot
- Bootstrap Plot
- RadViz
Plots may also be adorned with errorbars or tables.
Bar plots¶
For labeled, non-time series data, you may wish to produce a bar plot:
In [15]: plt.figure();
In [16]: df.iloc[5].plot.bar(); plt.axhline(0, color='k')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-16-a36657b330c9> in <module>()
----> 1 df.iloc[5].plot.bar(); plt.axhline(0, color='k')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in bar(self, **kwds)
2486 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2487 """
-> 2488 return self(kind='bar', **kwds)
2489
2490 def barh(self, **kwds):
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Calling a DataFrame’s plot.bar() method produces a multiple
bar plot:
In [17]: df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(10, 4), columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
In [18]: df2.plot.bar();
To produce a stacked bar plot, pass stacked=True:
In [19]: df2.plot.bar(stacked=True);
To get horizontal bar plots, use the barh method:
In [20]: df2.plot.barh(stacked=True);
Histograms¶
New in version 0.15.0.
Histogram can be drawn by using the DataFrame.plot.hist() and Series.plot.hist() methods.
In [21]: df4 = pd.DataFrame({'a': np.random.randn(1000) + 1, 'b': np.random.randn(1000),
....: 'c': np.random.randn(1000) - 1}, columns=['a', 'b', 'c'])
....:
In [22]: plt.figure();
In [23]: df4.plot.hist(alpha=0.5)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-23-d12a7608cec9> in <module>()
----> 1 df4.plot.hist(alpha=0.5)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in hist(self, by, bins, **kwds)
2723 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2724 """
-> 2725 return self(kind='hist', by=by, bins=bins, **kwds)
2726
2727 def kde(self, **kwds):
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Histogram can be stacked by stacked=True. Bin size can be changed by bins keyword.
In [24]: plt.figure();
In [25]: df4.plot.hist(stacked=True, bins=20)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-25-9a4bef475383> in <module>()
----> 1 df4.plot.hist(stacked=True, bins=20)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in hist(self, by, bins, **kwds)
2723 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2724 """
-> 2725 return self(kind='hist', by=by, bins=bins, **kwds)
2726
2727 def kde(self, **kwds):
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
You can pass other keywords supported by matplotlib hist. For example, horizontal and cumulative histgram can be drawn by orientation='horizontal' and cumulative='True'.
In [26]: plt.figure();
In [27]: df4['a'].plot.hist(orientation='horizontal', cumulative=True)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-27-c49999bfb88a> in <module>()
----> 1 df4['a'].plot.hist(orientation='horizontal', cumulative=True)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in hist(self, bins, **kwds)
2539 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2540 """
-> 2541 return self(kind='hist', bins=bins, **kwds)
2542
2543 def kde(self, **kwds):
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
See the hist method and the
matplotlib hist documentation for more.
The existing interface DataFrame.hist to plot histogram still can be used.
In [28]: plt.figure();
In [29]: df['A'].diff().hist()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-29-620f128ae072> in <module>()
----> 1 df['A'].diff().hist()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in hist_series(self, by, ax, grid, xlabelsize, xrot, ylabelsize, yrot, figsize, bins, **kwds)
2188 # hack until the plotting interface is a bit more unified
2189 fig = kwds.pop('figure', plt.gcf() if plt.get_fignums() else
-> 2190 plt.figure(figsize=figsize))
2191 if (figsize is not None and tuple(figsize) !=
2192 tuple(fig.get_size_inches())):
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
DataFrame.hist() plots the histograms of the columns on multiple
subplots:
In [30]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-30-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [31]: df.diff().hist(color='k', alpha=0.5, bins=50)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-31-742660109dc1> in <module>()
----> 1 df.diff().hist(color='k', alpha=0.5, bins=50)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in hist_frame(data, column, by, grid, xlabelsize, xrot, ylabelsize, yrot, ax, sharex, sharey, figsize, layout, bins, **kwds)
2130 fig, axes = _subplots(naxes=naxes, ax=ax, squeeze=False,
2131 sharex=sharex, sharey=sharey, figsize=figsize,
-> 2132 layout=layout)
2133 _axes = _flatten(axes)
2134
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_tools.pyc in _subplots(naxes, sharex, sharey, squeeze, subplot_kw, ax, layout, layout_type, **fig_kw)
196
197 if ax is None:
--> 198 fig = plt.figure(**fig_kw)
199 else:
200 if is_list_like(ax):
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
New in version 0.10.0.
The by keyword can be specified to plot grouped histograms:
In [32]: data = pd.Series(np.random.randn(1000))
In [33]: data.hist(by=np.random.randint(0, 4, 1000), figsize=(6, 4))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-33-9248a2062b4d> in <module>()
----> 1 data.hist(by=np.random.randint(0, 4, 1000), figsize=(6, 4))
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in hist_series(self, by, ax, grid, xlabelsize, xrot, ylabelsize, yrot, figsize, bins, **kwds)
2212 axes = grouped_hist(self, by=by, ax=ax, grid=grid, figsize=figsize,
2213 bins=bins, xlabelsize=xlabelsize, xrot=xrot,
-> 2214 ylabelsize=ylabelsize, yrot=yrot, **kwds)
2215
2216 if hasattr(axes, 'ndim'):
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in grouped_hist(data, column, by, ax, bins, figsize, layout, sharex, sharey, rot, grid, xlabelsize, xrot, ylabelsize, yrot, **kwargs)
2253 fig, axes = _grouped_plot(plot_group, data, column=column,
2254 by=by, sharex=sharex, sharey=sharey, ax=ax,
-> 2255 figsize=figsize, layout=layout, rot=rot)
2256
2257 _set_ticks_props(axes, xlabelsize=xlabelsize, xrot=xrot,
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _grouped_plot(plotf, data, column, by, numeric_only, figsize, sharex, sharey, layout, rot, ax, **kwargs)
2358 fig, axes = _subplots(naxes=naxes, figsize=figsize,
2359 sharex=sharex, sharey=sharey, ax=ax,
-> 2360 layout=layout)
2361
2362 _axes = _flatten(axes)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_tools.pyc in _subplots(naxes, sharex, sharey, squeeze, subplot_kw, ax, layout, layout_type, **fig_kw)
196
197 if ax is None:
--> 198 fig = plt.figure(**fig_kw)
199 else:
200 if is_list_like(ax):
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Box Plots¶
New in version 0.15.0.
Boxplot can be drawn calling Series.plot.box() and DataFrame.plot.box(),
or DataFrame.boxplot() to visualize the distribution of values within each column.
For instance, here is a boxplot representing five trials of 10 observations of a uniform random variable on [0,1).
In [34]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(10, 5), columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'])
In [35]: df.plot.box()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-35-8765cf6ed5ce> in <module>()
----> 1 df.plot.box()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in box(self, by, **kwds)
2702 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2703 """
-> 2704 return self(kind='box', by=by, **kwds)
2705
2706 def hist(self, by=None, bins=10, **kwds):
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Boxplot can be colorized by passing color keyword. You can pass a dict
whose keys are boxes, whiskers, medians and caps.
If some keys are missing in the dict, default colors are used
for the corresponding artists. Also, boxplot has sym keyword to specify fliers style.
When you pass other type of arguments via color keyword, it will be directly
passed to matplotlib for all the boxes, whiskers, medians and caps
colorization.
The colors are applied to every boxes to be drawn. If you want more complicated colorization, you can get each drawn artists by passing return_type.
In [36]: color = dict(boxes='DarkGreen', whiskers='DarkOrange',
....: medians='DarkBlue', caps='Gray')
....:
In [37]: df.plot.box(color=color, sym='r+')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-37-2a54c0d52eaf> in <module>()
----> 1 df.plot.box(color=color, sym='r+')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in box(self, by, **kwds)
2702 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2703 """
-> 2704 return self(kind='box', by=by, **kwds)
2705
2706 def hist(self, by=None, bins=10, **kwds):
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Also, you can pass other keywords supported by matplotlib boxplot.
For example, horizontal and custom-positioned boxplot can be drawn by
vert=False and positions keywords.
In [38]: df.plot.box(vert=False, positions=[1, 4, 5, 6, 8])
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-38-6b82106697f4> in <module>()
----> 1 df.plot.box(vert=False, positions=[1, 4, 5, 6, 8])
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in box(self, by, **kwds)
2702 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2703 """
-> 2704 return self(kind='box', by=by, **kwds)
2705
2706 def hist(self, by=None, bins=10, **kwds):
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
See the boxplot method and the
matplotlib boxplot documentation for more.
The existing interface DataFrame.boxplot to plot boxplot still can be used.
In [39]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(10,5))
In [40]: plt.figure();
In [41]: bp = df.boxplot()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-41-5b6d837d4b1a> in <module>()
----> 1 bp = df.boxplot()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/core/frame.pyc in boxplot(self, column, by, ax, fontsize, rot, grid, figsize, layout, return_type, **kwds)
5845 ax = boxplot(self, column=column, by=by, ax=ax, fontsize=fontsize,
5846 grid=grid, rot=rot, figsize=figsize, layout=layout,
-> 5847 return_type=return_type, **kwds)
5848 plt.draw_if_interactive()
5849 return ax
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in boxplot(data, column, by, ax, fontsize, rot, grid, figsize, layout, return_type, **kwds)
2011 if ax is None:
2012 rc = {'figure.figsize': figsize} if figsize is not None else {}
-> 2013 ax = _gca(rc)
2014 data = data._get_numeric_data()
2015 if columns is None:
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _gca(rc)
52 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
53 with plt.rc_context(rc):
---> 54 return plt.gca()
55
56
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gca(**kwargs)
948 matplotlib.figure.Figure.gca : The figure's gca method.
949 """
--> 950 return gcf().gca(**kwargs)
951
952 # More ways of creating axes:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gcf()
584 return figManager.canvas.figure
585 else:
--> 586 return figure()
587
588
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
You can create a stratified boxplot using the by keyword argument to create
groupings. For instance,
In [42]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(10,2), columns=['Col1', 'Col2'] )
In [43]: df['X'] = pd.Series(['A','A','A','A','A','B','B','B','B','B'])
In [44]: plt.figure();
In [45]: bp = df.boxplot(by='X')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-45-8598e842a6ba> in <module>()
----> 1 bp = df.boxplot(by='X')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/core/frame.pyc in boxplot(self, column, by, ax, fontsize, rot, grid, figsize, layout, return_type, **kwds)
5845 ax = boxplot(self, column=column, by=by, ax=ax, fontsize=fontsize,
5846 grid=grid, rot=rot, figsize=figsize, layout=layout,
-> 5847 return_type=return_type, **kwds)
5848 plt.draw_if_interactive()
5849 return ax
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in boxplot(data, column, by, ax, fontsize, rot, grid, figsize, layout, return_type, **kwds)
2001 by=by, grid=grid, figsize=figsize,
2002 ax=ax, layout=layout,
-> 2003 return_type=return_type)
2004 else:
2005 if return_type is None:
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _grouped_plot_by_column(plotf, data, columns, by, numeric_only, grid, figsize, ax, layout, return_type, **kwargs)
2383 naxes = len(columns)
2384 fig, axes = _subplots(naxes=naxes, sharex=True, sharey=True,
-> 2385 figsize=figsize, ax=ax, layout=layout)
2386
2387 _axes = _flatten(axes)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_tools.pyc in _subplots(naxes, sharex, sharey, squeeze, subplot_kw, ax, layout, layout_type, **fig_kw)
196
197 if ax is None:
--> 198 fig = plt.figure(**fig_kw)
199 else:
200 if is_list_like(ax):
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
You can also pass a subset of columns to plot, as well as group by multiple columns:
In [46]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(10,3), columns=['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3'])
In [47]: df['X'] = pd.Series(['A','A','A','A','A','B','B','B','B','B'])
In [48]: df['Y'] = pd.Series(['A','B','A','B','A','B','A','B','A','B'])
In [49]: plt.figure();
In [50]: bp = df.boxplot(column=['Col1','Col2'], by=['X','Y'])
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-50-c76526ae84ab> in <module>()
----> 1 bp = df.boxplot(column=['Col1','Col2'], by=['X','Y'])
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/core/frame.pyc in boxplot(self, column, by, ax, fontsize, rot, grid, figsize, layout, return_type, **kwds)
5845 ax = boxplot(self, column=column, by=by, ax=ax, fontsize=fontsize,
5846 grid=grid, rot=rot, figsize=figsize, layout=layout,
-> 5847 return_type=return_type, **kwds)
5848 plt.draw_if_interactive()
5849 return ax
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in boxplot(data, column, by, ax, fontsize, rot, grid, figsize, layout, return_type, **kwds)
2001 by=by, grid=grid, figsize=figsize,
2002 ax=ax, layout=layout,
-> 2003 return_type=return_type)
2004 else:
2005 if return_type is None:
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _grouped_plot_by_column(plotf, data, columns, by, numeric_only, grid, figsize, ax, layout, return_type, **kwargs)
2383 naxes = len(columns)
2384 fig, axes = _subplots(naxes=naxes, sharex=True, sharey=True,
-> 2385 figsize=figsize, ax=ax, layout=layout)
2386
2387 _axes = _flatten(axes)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_tools.pyc in _subplots(naxes, sharex, sharey, squeeze, subplot_kw, ax, layout, layout_type, **fig_kw)
196
197 if ax is None:
--> 198 fig = plt.figure(**fig_kw)
199 else:
200 if is_list_like(ax):
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Warning
The default changed from 'dict' to 'axes' in version 0.19.0.
In boxplot, the return type can be controlled by the return_type, keyword. The valid choices are {"axes", "dict", "both", None}.
Faceting, created by DataFrame.boxplot with the by
keyword, will affect the output type as well:
return_type= |
Faceted | Output type |
None |
No | axes |
None |
Yes | 2-D ndarray of axes |
'axes' |
No | axes |
'axes' |
Yes | Series of axes |
'dict' |
No | dict of artists |
'dict' |
Yes | Series of dicts of artists |
'both' |
No | namedtuple |
'both' |
Yes | Series of namedtuples |
Groupby.boxplot always returns a Series of return_type.
In [51]: np.random.seed(1234)
In [52]: df_box = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(50, 2))
In [53]: df_box['g'] = np.random.choice(['A', 'B'], size=50)
In [54]: df_box.loc[df_box['g'] == 'B', 1] += 3
In [55]: bp = df_box.boxplot(by='g')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-55-8fc769e009a9> in <module>()
----> 1 bp = df_box.boxplot(by='g')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/core/frame.pyc in boxplot(self, column, by, ax, fontsize, rot, grid, figsize, layout, return_type, **kwds)
5845 ax = boxplot(self, column=column, by=by, ax=ax, fontsize=fontsize,
5846 grid=grid, rot=rot, figsize=figsize, layout=layout,
-> 5847 return_type=return_type, **kwds)
5848 plt.draw_if_interactive()
5849 return ax
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in boxplot(data, column, by, ax, fontsize, rot, grid, figsize, layout, return_type, **kwds)
2001 by=by, grid=grid, figsize=figsize,
2002 ax=ax, layout=layout,
-> 2003 return_type=return_type)
2004 else:
2005 if return_type is None:
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _grouped_plot_by_column(plotf, data, columns, by, numeric_only, grid, figsize, ax, layout, return_type, **kwargs)
2383 naxes = len(columns)
2384 fig, axes = _subplots(naxes=naxes, sharex=True, sharey=True,
-> 2385 figsize=figsize, ax=ax, layout=layout)
2386
2387 _axes = _flatten(axes)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_tools.pyc in _subplots(naxes, sharex, sharey, squeeze, subplot_kw, ax, layout, layout_type, **fig_kw)
196
197 if ax is None:
--> 198 fig = plt.figure(**fig_kw)
199 else:
200 if is_list_like(ax):
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Compare to:
In [56]: bp = df_box.groupby('g').boxplot()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-56-900c71ff9ec1> in <module>()
----> 1 bp = df_box.groupby('g').boxplot()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in boxplot_frame_groupby(grouped, subplots, column, fontsize, rot, grid, ax, figsize, layout, **kwds)
2313 fig, axes = _subplots(naxes=naxes, squeeze=False,
2314 ax=ax, sharex=False, sharey=True,
-> 2315 figsize=figsize, layout=layout)
2316 axes = _flatten(axes)
2317
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_tools.pyc in _subplots(naxes, sharex, sharey, squeeze, subplot_kw, ax, layout, layout_type, **fig_kw)
196
197 if ax is None:
--> 198 fig = plt.figure(**fig_kw)
199 else:
200 if is_list_like(ax):
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Area Plot¶
New in version 0.14.
You can create area plots with Series.plot.area() and DataFrame.plot.area().
Area plots are stacked by default. To produce stacked area plot, each column must be either all positive or all negative values.
When input data contains NaN, it will be automatically filled by 0. If you want to drop or fill by different values, use dataframe.dropna() or dataframe.fillna() before calling plot.
In [57]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(10, 4), columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
In [58]: df.plot.area();
To produce an unstacked plot, pass stacked=False. Alpha value is set to 0.5 unless otherwise specified:
In [59]: df.plot.area(stacked=False);
Scatter Plot¶
New in version 0.13.
Scatter plot can be drawn by using the DataFrame.plot.scatter() method.
Scatter plot requires numeric columns for x and y axis.
These can be specified by x and y keywords each.
In [60]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(50, 4), columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
In [61]: df.plot.scatter(x='a', y='b');
To plot multiple column groups in a single axes, repeat plot method specifying target ax.
It is recommended to specify color and label keywords to distinguish each groups.
In [62]: ax = df.plot.scatter(x='a', y='b', color='DarkBlue', label='Group 1');
In [63]: df.plot.scatter(x='c', y='d', color='DarkGreen', label='Group 2', ax=ax);
The keyword c may be given as the name of a column to provide colors for
each point:
In [64]: df.plot.scatter(x='a', y='b', c='c', s=50);
You can pass other keywords supported by matplotlib scatter.
Below example shows a bubble chart using a dataframe column values as bubble size.
In [65]: df.plot.scatter(x='a', y='b', s=df['c']*200);
See the scatter method and the
matplotlib scatter documentation for more.
Hexagonal Bin Plot¶
New in version 0.14.
You can create hexagonal bin plots with DataFrame.plot.hexbin().
Hexbin plots can be a useful alternative to scatter plots if your data are
too dense to plot each point individually.
In [66]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(1000, 2), columns=['a', 'b'])
In [67]: df['b'] = df['b'] + np.arange(1000)
In [68]: df.plot.hexbin(x='a', y='b', gridsize=25)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-68-48fcf967aa91> in <module>()
----> 1 df.plot.hexbin(x='a', y='b', gridsize=25)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in hexbin(self, x, y, C, reduce_C_function, gridsize, **kwds)
2834 if gridsize is not None:
2835 kwds['gridsize'] = gridsize
-> 2836 return self(kind='hexbin', x=x, y=y, C=C, **kwds)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
A useful keyword argument is gridsize; it controls the number of hexagons
in the x-direction, and defaults to 100. A larger gridsize means more, smaller
bins.
By default, a histogram of the counts around each (x, y) point is computed.
You can specify alternative aggregations by passing values to the C and
reduce_C_function arguments. C specifies the value at each (x, y) point
and reduce_C_function is a function of one argument that reduces all the
values in a bin to a single number (e.g. mean, max, sum, std). In this
example the positions are given by columns a and b, while the value is
given by column z. The bins are aggregated with numpy’s max function.
In [69]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(1000, 2), columns=['a', 'b'])
In [70]: df['b'] = df['b'] = df['b'] + np.arange(1000)
In [71]: df['z'] = np.random.uniform(0, 3, 1000)
In [72]: df.plot.hexbin(x='a', y='b', C='z', reduce_C_function=np.max,
....: gridsize=25)
....:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-72-dda1f5c892c4> in <module>()
1 df.plot.hexbin(x='a', y='b', C='z', reduce_C_function=np.max,
----> 2 gridsize=25)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in hexbin(self, x, y, C, reduce_C_function, gridsize, **kwds)
2834 if gridsize is not None:
2835 kwds['gridsize'] = gridsize
-> 2836 return self(kind='hexbin', x=x, y=y, C=C, **kwds)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
See the hexbin method and the
matplotlib hexbin documentation for more.
Pie plot¶
New in version 0.14.
You can create a pie plot with DataFrame.plot.pie() or Series.plot.pie().
If your data includes any NaN, they will be automatically filled with 0.
A ValueError will be raised if there are any negative values in your data.
In [73]: series = pd.Series(3 * np.random.rand(4), index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], name='series')
In [74]: series.plot.pie(figsize=(6, 6))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-74-e4c2454e0a19> in <module>()
----> 1 series.plot.pie(figsize=(6, 6))
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in pie(self, **kwds)
2592 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2593 """
-> 2594 return self(kind='pie', **kwds)
2595
2596
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
For pie plots it’s best to use square figures, one’s with an equal aspect ratio. You can create the
figure with equal width and height, or force the aspect ratio to be equal after plotting by
calling ax.set_aspect('equal') on the returned axes object.
Note that pie plot with DataFrame requires that you either specify a target column by the y
argument or subplots=True. When y is specified, pie plot of selected column
will be drawn. If subplots=True is specified, pie plots for each column are drawn as subplots.
A legend will be drawn in each pie plots by default; specify legend=False to hide it.
In [75]: df = pd.DataFrame(3 * np.random.rand(4, 2), index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], columns=['x', 'y'])
In [76]: df.plot.pie(subplots=True, figsize=(8, 4))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-76-bd4770dabaff> in <module>()
----> 1 df.plot.pie(subplots=True, figsize=(8, 4))
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in pie(self, y, **kwds)
2780 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2781 """
-> 2782 return self(kind='pie', y=y, **kwds)
2783
2784 def scatter(self, x, y, s=None, c=None, **kwds):
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
290 figsize=self.figsize, ax=self.ax,
291 layout=self.layout,
--> 292 layout_type=self._layout_type)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_tools.pyc in _subplots(naxes, sharex, sharey, squeeze, subplot_kw, ax, layout, layout_type, **fig_kw)
196
197 if ax is None:
--> 198 fig = plt.figure(**fig_kw)
199 else:
200 if is_list_like(ax):
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
You can use the labels and colors keywords to specify the labels and colors of each wedge.
Warning
Most pandas plots use the the label and color arguments (note the lack of “s” on those).
To be consistent with matplotlib.pyplot.pie() you must use labels and colors.
If you want to hide wedge labels, specify labels=None.
If fontsize is specified, the value will be applied to wedge labels.
Also, other keywords supported by matplotlib.pyplot.pie() can be used.
In [77]: series.plot.pie(labels=['AA', 'BB', 'CC', 'DD'], colors=['r', 'g', 'b', 'c'],
....: autopct='%.2f', fontsize=20, figsize=(6, 6))
....:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-77-f6a8e8e24c35> in <module>()
1 series.plot.pie(labels=['AA', 'BB', 'CC', 'DD'], colors=['r', 'g', 'b', 'c'],
----> 2 autopct='%.2f', fontsize=20, figsize=(6, 6))
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in pie(self, **kwds)
2592 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2593 """
-> 2594 return self(kind='pie', **kwds)
2595
2596
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
If you pass values whose sum total is less than 1.0, matplotlib draws a semicircle.
In [78]: series = pd.Series([0.1] * 4, index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], name='series2')
In [79]: series.plot.pie(figsize=(6, 6))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-79-e4c2454e0a19> in <module>()
----> 1 series.plot.pie(figsize=(6, 6))
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in pie(self, **kwds)
2592 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2593 """
-> 2594 return self(kind='pie', **kwds)
2595
2596
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
See the matplotlib pie documentation for more.
Plotting with Missing Data¶
Pandas tries to be pragmatic about plotting DataFrames or Series that contain missing data. Missing values are dropped, left out, or filled depending on the plot type.
| Plot Type | NaN Handling |
|---|---|
| Line | Leave gaps at NaNs |
| Line (stacked) | Fill 0’s |
| Bar | Fill 0’s |
| Scatter | Drop NaNs |
| Histogram | Drop NaNs (column-wise) |
| Box | Drop NaNs (column-wise) |
| Area | Fill 0’s |
| KDE | Drop NaNs (column-wise) |
| Hexbin | Drop NaNs |
| Pie | Fill 0’s |
If any of these defaults are not what you want, or if you want to be
explicit about how missing values are handled, consider using
fillna() or dropna()
before plotting.
Plotting Tools¶
These functions can be imported from pandas.plotting
and take a Series or DataFrame as an argument.
Scatter Matrix Plot¶
New in version 0.7.3.
You can create a scatter plot matrix using the
scatter_matrix method in pandas.plotting:
In [80]: from pandas.plotting import scatter_matrix
In [81]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(1000, 4), columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
In [82]: scatter_matrix(df, alpha=0.2, figsize=(6, 6), diagonal='kde')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-82-be6b017bf310> in <module>()
----> 1 scatter_matrix(df, alpha=0.2, figsize=(6, 6), diagonal='kde')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_misc.pyc in scatter_matrix(frame, alpha, figsize, ax, grid, diagonal, marker, density_kwds, hist_kwds, range_padding, **kwds)
58 naxes = n * n
59 fig, axes = _subplots(naxes=naxes, figsize=figsize, ax=ax,
---> 60 squeeze=False)
61
62 # no gaps between subplots
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_tools.pyc in _subplots(naxes, sharex, sharey, squeeze, subplot_kw, ax, layout, layout_type, **fig_kw)
196
197 if ax is None:
--> 198 fig = plt.figure(**fig_kw)
199 else:
200 if is_list_like(ax):
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Density Plot¶
New in version 0.8.0.
You can create density plots using the Series.plot.kde() and DataFrame.plot.kde() methods.
In [83]: ser = pd.Series(np.random.randn(1000))
In [84]: ser.plot.kde()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-84-270b2425f93c> in <module>()
----> 1 ser.plot.kde()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in kde(self, **kwds)
2556 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2557 """
-> 2558 return self(kind='kde', **kwds)
2559
2560 density = kde
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Andrews Curves¶
Andrews curves allow one to plot multivariate data as a large number of curves that are created using the attributes of samples as coefficients for Fourier series. By coloring these curves differently for each class it is possible to visualize data clustering. Curves belonging to samples of the same class will usually be closer together and form larger structures.
Note: The “Iris” dataset is available here.
In [85]: from pandas.plotting import andrews_curves
In [86]: data = pd.read_csv('data/iris.data')
In [87]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-87-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [88]: andrews_curves(data, 'Name')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-88-fc5acbcde18a> in <module>()
----> 1 andrews_curves(data, 'Name')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/util/_decorators.pyc in wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
89 else:
90 kwargs[new_arg_name] = new_arg_value
---> 91 return func(*args, **kwargs)
92 return wrapper
93 return _deprecate_kwarg
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_misc.pyc in andrews_curves(frame, class_column, ax, samples, color, colormap, **kwds)
305 colors = dict(zip(classes, color_values))
306 if ax is None:
--> 307 ax = plt.gca(xlim=(-pi, pi))
308 for i in range(n):
309 row = df.iloc[i].values
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gca(**kwargs)
948 matplotlib.figure.Figure.gca : The figure's gca method.
949 """
--> 950 return gcf().gca(**kwargs)
951
952 # More ways of creating axes:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gcf()
584 return figManager.canvas.figure
585 else:
--> 586 return figure()
587
588
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Parallel Coordinates¶
Parallel coordinates is a plotting technique for plotting multivariate data. It allows one to see clusters in data and to estimate other statistics visually. Using parallel coordinates points are represented as connected line segments. Each vertical line represents one attribute. One set of connected line segments represents one data point. Points that tend to cluster will appear closer together.
In [89]: from pandas.plotting import parallel_coordinates
In [90]: data = pd.read_csv('data/iris.data')
In [91]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-91-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [92]: parallel_coordinates(data, 'Name')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-92-7d09ca821842> in <module>()
----> 1 parallel_coordinates(data, 'Name')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/util/_decorators.pyc in wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
89 else:
90 kwargs[new_arg_name] = new_arg_value
---> 91 return func(*args, **kwargs)
92 return wrapper
93 return _deprecate_kwarg
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/util/_decorators.pyc in wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
89 else:
90 kwargs[new_arg_name] = new_arg_value
---> 91 return func(*args, **kwargs)
92 return wrapper
93 return _deprecate_kwarg
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_misc.pyc in parallel_coordinates(frame, class_column, cols, ax, color, use_columns, xticks, colormap, axvlines, axvlines_kwds, sort_labels, **kwds)
468
469 if ax is None:
--> 470 ax = plt.gca()
471
472 color_values = _get_standard_colors(num_colors=len(classes),
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gca(**kwargs)
948 matplotlib.figure.Figure.gca : The figure's gca method.
949 """
--> 950 return gcf().gca(**kwargs)
951
952 # More ways of creating axes:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gcf()
584 return figManager.canvas.figure
585 else:
--> 586 return figure()
587
588
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Lag Plot¶
Lag plots are used to check if a data set or time series is random. Random data should not exhibit any structure in the lag plot. Non-random structure implies that the underlying data are not random.
In [93]: from pandas.plotting import lag_plot
In [94]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-94-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [95]: data = pd.Series(0.1 * np.random.rand(1000) +
....: 0.9 * np.sin(np.linspace(-99 * np.pi, 99 * np.pi, num=1000)))
....:
In [96]: lag_plot(data)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-96-76d4c87cecfc> in <module>()
----> 1 lag_plot(data)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_misc.pyc in lag_plot(series, lag, ax, **kwds)
524 y2 = data[lag:]
525 if ax is None:
--> 526 ax = plt.gca()
527 ax.set_xlabel("y(t)")
528 ax.set_ylabel("y(t + %s)" % lag)
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gca(**kwargs)
948 matplotlib.figure.Figure.gca : The figure's gca method.
949 """
--> 950 return gcf().gca(**kwargs)
951
952 # More ways of creating axes:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gcf()
584 return figManager.canvas.figure
585 else:
--> 586 return figure()
587
588
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Autocorrelation Plot¶
Autocorrelation plots are often used for checking randomness in time series. This is done by computing autocorrelations for data values at varying time lags. If time series is random, such autocorrelations should be near zero for any and all time-lag separations. If time series is non-random then one or more of the autocorrelations will be significantly non-zero. The horizontal lines displayed in the plot correspond to 95% and 99% confidence bands. The dashed line is 99% confidence band.
In [97]: from pandas.plotting import autocorrelation_plot
In [98]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-98-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [99]: data = pd.Series(0.7 * np.random.rand(1000) +
....: 0.3 * np.sin(np.linspace(-9 * np.pi, 9 * np.pi, num=1000)))
....:
In [100]: autocorrelation_plot(data)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-100-eccad460986f> in <module>()
----> 1 autocorrelation_plot(data)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_misc.pyc in autocorrelation_plot(series, ax, **kwds)
549 data = np.asarray(series)
550 if ax is None:
--> 551 ax = plt.gca(xlim=(1, n), ylim=(-1.0, 1.0))
552 mean = np.mean(data)
553 c0 = np.sum((data - mean) ** 2) / float(n)
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gca(**kwargs)
948 matplotlib.figure.Figure.gca : The figure's gca method.
949 """
--> 950 return gcf().gca(**kwargs)
951
952 # More ways of creating axes:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gcf()
584 return figManager.canvas.figure
585 else:
--> 586 return figure()
587
588
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Bootstrap Plot¶
Bootstrap plots are used to visually assess the uncertainty of a statistic, such as mean, median, midrange, etc. A random subset of a specified size is selected from a data set, the statistic in question is computed for this subset and the process is repeated a specified number of times. Resulting plots and histograms are what constitutes the bootstrap plot.
In [101]: from pandas.plotting import bootstrap_plot
In [102]: data = pd.Series(np.random.rand(1000))
In [103]: bootstrap_plot(data, size=50, samples=500, color='grey')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-103-126f9a3d5653> in <module>()
----> 1 bootstrap_plot(data, size=50, samples=500, color='grey')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_misc.pyc in bootstrap_plot(series, fig, size, samples, **kwds)
351 for sampling in samplings])
352 if fig is None:
--> 353 fig = plt.figure()
354 x = lrange(samples)
355 axes = []
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
RadViz¶
RadViz is a way of visualizing multi-variate data. It is based on a simple spring tension minimization algorithm. Basically you set up a bunch of points in a plane. In our case they are equally spaced on a unit circle. Each point represents a single attribute. You then pretend that each sample in the data set is attached to each of these points by a spring, the stiffness of which is proportional to the numerical value of that attribute (they are normalized to unit interval). The point in the plane, where our sample settles to (where the forces acting on our sample are at an equilibrium) is where a dot representing our sample will be drawn. Depending on which class that sample belongs it will be colored differently.
Note: The “Iris” dataset is available here.
In [104]: from pandas.plotting import radviz
In [105]: data = pd.read_csv('data/iris.data')
In [106]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-106-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [107]: radviz(data, 'Name')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-107-1720a88f3922> in <module>()
----> 1 radviz(data, 'Name')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_misc.pyc in radviz(frame, class_column, ax, color, colormap, **kwds)
182
183 if ax is None:
--> 184 ax = plt.gca(xlim=[-1, 1], ylim=[-1, 1])
185
186 to_plot = {}
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gca(**kwargs)
948 matplotlib.figure.Figure.gca : The figure's gca method.
949 """
--> 950 return gcf().gca(**kwargs)
951
952 # More ways of creating axes:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gcf()
584 return figManager.canvas.figure
585 else:
--> 586 return figure()
587
588
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Plot Formatting¶
Most plotting methods have a set of keyword arguments that control the layout and formatting of the returned plot:
In [108]: plt.figure(); ts.plot(style='k--', label='Series');
For each kind of plot (e.g. line, bar, scatter) any additional arguments
keywords are passed along to the corresponding matplotlib function
(ax.plot(),
ax.bar(),
ax.scatter()). These can be used
to control additional styling, beyond what pandas provides.
Controlling the Legend¶
You may set the legend argument to False to hide the legend, which is
shown by default.
In [109]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(1000, 4), index=ts.index, columns=list('ABCD'))
In [110]: df = df.cumsum()
In [111]: df.plot(legend=False)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-111-c885e70fbb28> in <module>()
----> 1 df.plot(legend=False)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Scales¶
You may pass logy to get a log-scale Y axis.
In [112]: ts = pd.Series(np.random.randn(1000), index=pd.date_range('1/1/2000', periods=1000))
In [113]: ts = np.exp(ts.cumsum())
In [114]: ts.plot(logy=True)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-114-9e595842ea79> in <module>()
----> 1 ts.plot(logy=True)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
See also the logx and loglog keyword arguments.
Plotting on a Secondary Y-axis¶
To plot data on a secondary y-axis, use the secondary_y keyword:
In [115]: df.A.plot()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-115-555cdb7c3bbd> in <module>()
----> 1 df.A.plot()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [116]: df.B.plot(secondary_y=True, style='g')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-116-dd3503e2b728> in <module>()
----> 1 df.B.plot(secondary_y=True, style='g')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
To plot some columns in a DataFrame, give the column names to the secondary_y
keyword:
In [117]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-117-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [118]: ax = df.plot(secondary_y=['A', 'B'])
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-118-c7f4eaf8c12b> in <module>()
----> 1 ax = df.plot(secondary_y=['A', 'B'])
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [119]: ax.set_ylabel('CD scale')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-119-0396311d12a3> in <module>()
----> 1 ax.set_ylabel('CD scale')
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'set_ylabel'
In [120]: ax.right_ax.set_ylabel('AB scale')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-120-5ddf1e3892e0> in <module>()
----> 1 ax.right_ax.set_ylabel('AB scale')
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'right_ax'
Note that the columns plotted on the secondary y-axis is automatically marked
with “(right)” in the legend. To turn off the automatic marking, use the
mark_right=False keyword:
In [121]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-121-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [122]: df.plot(secondary_y=['A', 'B'], mark_right=False)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-122-cfe006c313fe> in <module>()
----> 1 df.plot(secondary_y=['A', 'B'], mark_right=False)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Suppressing Tick Resolution Adjustment¶
pandas includes automatic tick resolution adjustment for regular frequency
time-series data. For limited cases where pandas cannot infer the frequency
information (e.g., in an externally created twinx), you can choose to
suppress this behavior for alignment purposes.
Here is the default behavior, notice how the x-axis tick labelling is performed:
In [123]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-123-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [124]: df.A.plot()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-124-555cdb7c3bbd> in <module>()
----> 1 df.A.plot()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Using the x_compat parameter, you can suppress this behavior:
In [125]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-125-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [126]: df.A.plot(x_compat=True)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-126-c9fe6642ff32> in <module>()
----> 1 df.A.plot(x_compat=True)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
If you have more than one plot that needs to be suppressed, the use method
in pandas.plotting.plot_params can be used in a with statement:
In [127]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-127-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [128]: with pd.plotting.plot_params.use('x_compat', True):
.....: df.A.plot(color='r')
.....: df.B.plot(color='g')
.....: df.C.plot(color='b')
.....:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-128-1630e8b323f4> in <module>()
1 with pd.plotting.plot_params.use('x_compat', True):
----> 2 df.A.plot(color='r')
3 df.B.plot(color='g')
4 df.C.plot(color='b')
5
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
2451 colormap=colormap, table=table, yerr=yerr,
2452 xerr=xerr, label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2453 **kwds)
2454 __call__.__doc__ = plot_series.__doc__
2455
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_series(data, kind, ax, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, label, secondary_y, **kwds)
1892 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1893 label=label, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 1894 **kwds)
1895
1896
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Automatic Date Tick Adjustment¶
New in version 0.20.0.
TimedeltaIndex now uses the native matplotlib
tick locator methods, it is useful to call the automatic
date tick adjustment from matplotlib for figures whose ticklabels overlap.
See the autofmt_xdate method and the
matplotlib documentation for more.
Subplots¶
Each Series in a DataFrame can be plotted on a different axis
with the subplots keyword:
In [129]: df.plot(subplots=True, figsize=(6, 6));
Using Layout and Targeting Multiple Axes¶
The layout of subplots can be specified by layout keyword. It can accept
(rows, columns). The layout keyword can be used in
hist and boxplot also. If input is invalid, ValueError will be raised.
The number of axes which can be contained by rows x columns specified by layout must be
larger than the number of required subplots. If layout can contain more axes than required,
blank axes are not drawn. Similar to a numpy array’s reshape method, you
can use -1 for one dimension to automatically calculate the number of rows
or columns needed, given the other.
In [130]: df.plot(subplots=True, layout=(2, 3), figsize=(6, 6), sharex=False);
The above example is identical to using
In [131]: df.plot(subplots=True, layout=(2, -1), figsize=(6, 6), sharex=False);
The required number of columns (3) is inferred from the number of series to plot and the given number of rows (2).
Also, you can pass multiple axes created beforehand as list-like via ax keyword.
This allows to use more complicated layout.
The passed axes must be the same number as the subplots being drawn.
When multiple axes are passed via ax keyword, layout, sharex and sharey keywords
don’t affect to the output. You should explicitly pass sharex=False and sharey=False,
otherwise you will see a warning.
In [132]: fig, axes = plt.subplots(4, 4, figsize=(6, 6));
In [133]: plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.5, hspace=0.5);
In [134]: target1 = [axes[0][0], axes[1][1], axes[2][2], axes[3][3]]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-134-26a6e09016bf> in <module>()
----> 1 target1 = [axes[0][0], axes[1][1], axes[2][2], axes[3][3]]
NameError: name 'axes' is not defined
In [135]: target2 = [axes[3][0], axes[2][1], axes[1][2], axes[0][3]]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-135-b20598ae453e> in <module>()
----> 1 target2 = [axes[3][0], axes[2][1], axes[1][2], axes[0][3]]
NameError: name 'axes' is not defined
In [136]: df.plot(subplots=True, ax=target1, legend=False, sharex=False, sharey=False);
In [137]: (-df).plot(subplots=True, ax=target2, legend=False, sharex=False, sharey=False);
Another option is passing an ax argument to Series.plot() to plot on a particular axis:
In [138]: fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-138-30b8ecb165a0> in <module>()
----> 1 fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2)
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in subplots(nrows, ncols, sharex, sharey, squeeze, subplot_kw, gridspec_kw, **fig_kw)
1201 gridspec_kw = {}
1202
-> 1203 fig = figure(**fig_kw)
1204 gs = GridSpec(nrows, ncols, **gridspec_kw)
1205
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [139]: df['A'].plot(ax=axes[0,0]); axes[0,0].set_title('A');
In [140]: df['B'].plot(ax=axes[0,1]); axes[0,1].set_title('B');
In [141]: df['C'].plot(ax=axes[1,0]); axes[1,0].set_title('C');
In [142]: df['D'].plot(ax=axes[1,1]); axes[1,1].set_title('D');
Plotting With Error Bars¶
New in version 0.14.
Plotting with error bars is now supported in the DataFrame.plot() and Series.plot()
Horizontal and vertical errorbars can be supplied to the xerr and yerr keyword arguments to plot(). The error values can be specified using a variety of formats.
- As a
DataFrameordictof errors with column names matching thecolumnsattribute of the plottingDataFrameor matching thenameattribute of theSeries - As a
strindicating which of the columns of plottingDataFramecontain the error values - As raw values (
list,tuple, ornp.ndarray). Must be the same length as the plottingDataFrame/Series
Asymmetrical error bars are also supported, however raw error values must be provided in this case. For a M length Series, a Mx2 array should be provided indicating lower and upper (or left and right) errors. For a MxN DataFrame, asymmetrical errors should be in a Mx2xN array.
Here is an example of one way to easily plot group means with standard deviations from the raw data.
# Generate the data
In [143]: ix3 = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays([['a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'b', 'b'], ['foo', 'foo', 'bar', 'bar', 'foo', 'foo', 'bar', 'bar']], names=['letter', 'word'])
In [144]: df3 = pd.DataFrame({'data1': [3, 2, 4, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2], 'data2': [6, 5, 7, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5]}, index=ix3)
# Group by index labels and take the means and standard deviations for each group
In [145]: gp3 = df3.groupby(level=('letter', 'word'))
In [146]: means = gp3.mean()
In [147]: errors = gp3.std()
In [148]: means
Out[148]:
data1 data2
letter word
a bar 3.5 6.0
foo 2.5 5.5
b bar 2.5 5.5
foo 3.0 4.5
In [149]: errors
Out[149]:
data1 data2
letter word
a bar 0.707107 1.414214
foo 0.707107 0.707107
b bar 0.707107 0.707107
foo 1.414214 0.707107
# Plot
In [150]: fig, ax = plt.subplots()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-150-18486f083d8c> in <module>()
----> 1 fig, ax = plt.subplots()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in subplots(nrows, ncols, sharex, sharey, squeeze, subplot_kw, gridspec_kw, **fig_kw)
1201 gridspec_kw = {}
1202
-> 1203 fig = figure(**fig_kw)
1204 gs = GridSpec(nrows, ncols, **gridspec_kw)
1205
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [151]: means.plot.bar(yerr=errors, ax=ax)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-151-fe272f2cf748> in <module>()
----> 1 means.plot.bar(yerr=errors, ax=ax)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in bar(self, x, y, **kwds)
2664 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2665 """
-> 2666 return self(kind='bar', x=x, y=y, **kwds)
2667
2668 def barh(self, x=None, y=None, **kwds):
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
--> 298 fig = self.ax.get_figure()
299 if self.figsize is not None:
300 fig.set_size_inches(self.figsize)
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'get_figure'
Plotting Tables¶
New in version 0.14.
Plotting with matplotlib table is now supported in DataFrame.plot() and Series.plot() with a table keyword. The table keyword can accept bool, DataFrame or Series. The simple way to draw a table is to specify table=True. Data will be transposed to meet matplotlib’s default layout.
In [152]: fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-152-ef566ba15e2d> in <module>()
----> 1 fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in subplots(nrows, ncols, sharex, sharey, squeeze, subplot_kw, gridspec_kw, **fig_kw)
1201 gridspec_kw = {}
1202
-> 1203 fig = figure(**fig_kw)
1204 gs = GridSpec(nrows, ncols, **gridspec_kw)
1205
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [153]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(5, 3), columns=['a', 'b', 'c'])
In [154]: ax.get_xaxis().set_visible(False) # Hide Ticks
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-154-4f6e6b7c8f4b> in <module>()
----> 1 ax.get_xaxis().set_visible(False) # Hide Ticks
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'get_xaxis'
In [155]: df.plot(table=True, ax=ax)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-155-8624f4234fa9> in <module>()
----> 1 df.plot(table=True, ax=ax)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
--> 298 fig = self.ax.get_figure()
299 if self.figsize is not None:
300 fig.set_size_inches(self.figsize)
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'get_figure'
Also, you can pass different DataFrame or Series for table keyword. The data will be drawn as displayed in print method (not transposed automatically). If required, it should be transposed manually as below example.
In [156]: fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-156-ef566ba15e2d> in <module>()
----> 1 fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in subplots(nrows, ncols, sharex, sharey, squeeze, subplot_kw, gridspec_kw, **fig_kw)
1201 gridspec_kw = {}
1202
-> 1203 fig = figure(**fig_kw)
1204 gs = GridSpec(nrows, ncols, **gridspec_kw)
1205
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [157]: ax.get_xaxis().set_visible(False) # Hide Ticks
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-157-4f6e6b7c8f4b> in <module>()
----> 1 ax.get_xaxis().set_visible(False) # Hide Ticks
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'get_xaxis'
In [158]: df.plot(table=np.round(df.T, 2), ax=ax)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-158-d7698dba6372> in <module>()
----> 1 df.plot(table=np.round(df.T, 2), ax=ax)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
--> 298 fig = self.ax.get_figure()
299 if self.figsize is not None:
300 fig.set_size_inches(self.figsize)
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'get_figure'
Finally, there is a helper function pandas.plotting.table to create a table from DataFrame and Series, and add it to an matplotlib.Axes. This function can accept keywords which matplotlib table has.
In [159]: from pandas.plotting import table
In [160]: fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-160-ef566ba15e2d> in <module>()
----> 1 fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in subplots(nrows, ncols, sharex, sharey, squeeze, subplot_kw, gridspec_kw, **fig_kw)
1201 gridspec_kw = {}
1202
-> 1203 fig = figure(**fig_kw)
1204 gs = GridSpec(nrows, ncols, **gridspec_kw)
1205
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [161]: table(ax, np.round(df.describe(), 2),
.....: loc='upper right', colWidths=[0.2, 0.2, 0.2])
.....:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-161-c7487f392c87> in <module>()
1 table(ax, np.round(df.describe(), 2),
----> 2 loc='upper right', colWidths=[0.2, 0.2, 0.2])
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_tools.pyc in table(ax, data, rowLabels, colLabels, **kwargs)
64 table = matplotlib.table.table(ax, cellText=cellText,
65 rowLabels=rowLabels,
---> 66 colLabels=colLabels, **kwargs)
67 return table
68
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/table.pyc in table(ax, cellText, cellColours, cellLoc, colWidths, rowLabels, rowColours, rowLoc, colLabels, colColours, colLoc, loc, bbox, edges, **kwargs)
616
617 # Now create the table
--> 618 table = Table(ax, loc, bbox, **kwargs)
619 table.edges = edges
620 height = table._approx_text_height()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/table.pyc in __init__(self, ax, loc, bbox, **kwargs)
261 if is_string_like(loc):
262 loc = self.codes.get(loc, 1)
--> 263 self.set_figure(ax.figure)
264 self._axes = ax
265 self._loc = loc
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'figure'
In [162]: df.plot(ax=ax, ylim=(0, 2), legend=None)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-162-068255ff0f3e> in <module>()
----> 1 df.plot(ax=ax, ylim=(0, 2), legend=None)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
--> 298 fig = self.ax.get_figure()
299 if self.figsize is not None:
300 fig.set_size_inches(self.figsize)
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'get_figure'
Note: You can get table instances on the axes using axes.tables property for further decorations. See the matplotlib table documentation for more.
Colormaps¶
A potential issue when plotting a large number of columns is that it can be
difficult to distinguish some series due to repetition in the default colors. To
remedy this, DataFrame plotting supports the use of the colormap= argument,
which accepts either a Matplotlib colormap
or a string that is a name of a colormap registered with Matplotlib. A
visualization of the default matplotlib colormaps is available here.
As matplotlib does not directly support colormaps for line-based plots, the colors are selected based on an even spacing determined by the number of columns in the DataFrame. There is no consideration made for background color, so some colormaps will produce lines that are not easily visible.
To use the cubehelix colormap, we can simply pass 'cubehelix' to colormap=
In [163]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(1000, 10), index=ts.index)
In [164]: df = df.cumsum()
In [165]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-165-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [166]: df.plot(colormap='cubehelix')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-166-0aab5a23aeee> in <module>()
----> 1 df.plot(colormap='cubehelix')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
or we can pass the colormap itself
In [167]: from matplotlib import cm
In [168]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-168-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [169]: df.plot(colormap=cm.cubehelix)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-169-7cdc1499f1cb> in <module>()
----> 1 df.plot(colormap=cm.cubehelix)
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Colormaps can also be used other plot types, like bar charts:
In [170]: dd = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 10)).applymap(abs)
In [171]: dd = dd.cumsum()
In [172]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-172-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [173]: dd.plot.bar(colormap='Greens')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-173-d5bc68809546> in <module>()
----> 1 dd.plot.bar(colormap='Greens')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in bar(self, x, y, **kwds)
2664 axes : matplotlib.AxesSubplot or np.array of them
2665 """
-> 2666 return self(kind='bar', x=x, y=y, **kwds)
2667
2668 def barh(self, x=None, y=None, **kwds):
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in __call__(self, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
2625 fontsize=fontsize, colormap=colormap, table=table,
2626 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr, secondary_y=secondary_y,
-> 2627 sort_columns=sort_columns, **kwds)
2628 __call__.__doc__ = plot_frame.__doc__
2629
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in plot_frame(data, x, y, kind, ax, subplots, sharex, sharey, layout, figsize, use_index, title, grid, legend, style, logx, logy, loglog, xticks, yticks, xlim, ylim, rot, fontsize, colormap, table, yerr, xerr, secondary_y, sort_columns, **kwds)
1867 yerr=yerr, xerr=xerr,
1868 secondary_y=secondary_y, sort_columns=sort_columns,
-> 1869 **kwds)
1870
1871
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _plot(data, x, y, subplots, ax, kind, **kwds)
1692 plot_obj = klass(data, subplots=subplots, ax=ax, kind=kind, **kwds)
1693
-> 1694 plot_obj.generate()
1695 plot_obj.draw()
1696 return plot_obj.result
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in generate(self)
242 self._args_adjust()
243 self._compute_plot_data()
--> 244 self._setup_subplots()
245 self._make_plot()
246 self._add_table()
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.pyc in _setup_subplots(self)
293 else:
294 if self.ax is None:
--> 295 fig = self.plt.figure(figsize=self.figsize)
296 axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
297 else:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Parallel coordinates charts:
In [174]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-174-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [175]: parallel_coordinates(data, 'Name', colormap='gist_rainbow')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-175-a0c62c912a5a> in <module>()
----> 1 parallel_coordinates(data, 'Name', colormap='gist_rainbow')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/util/_decorators.pyc in wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
89 else:
90 kwargs[new_arg_name] = new_arg_value
---> 91 return func(*args, **kwargs)
92 return wrapper
93 return _deprecate_kwarg
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/util/_decorators.pyc in wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
89 else:
90 kwargs[new_arg_name] = new_arg_value
---> 91 return func(*args, **kwargs)
92 return wrapper
93 return _deprecate_kwarg
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_misc.pyc in parallel_coordinates(frame, class_column, cols, ax, color, use_columns, xticks, colormap, axvlines, axvlines_kwds, sort_labels, **kwds)
468
469 if ax is None:
--> 470 ax = plt.gca()
471
472 color_values = _get_standard_colors(num_colors=len(classes),
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gca(**kwargs)
948 matplotlib.figure.Figure.gca : The figure's gca method.
949 """
--> 950 return gcf().gca(**kwargs)
951
952 # More ways of creating axes:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gcf()
584 return figManager.canvas.figure
585 else:
--> 586 return figure()
587
588
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Andrews curves charts:
In [176]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-176-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [177]: andrews_curves(data, 'Name', colormap='winter')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-177-3fe5a5a07312> in <module>()
----> 1 andrews_curves(data, 'Name', colormap='winter')
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/util/_decorators.pyc in wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
89 else:
90 kwargs[new_arg_name] = new_arg_value
---> 91 return func(*args, **kwargs)
92 return wrapper
93 return _deprecate_kwarg
/pandas-0.20.3.new/debian/python-pandas/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas/plotting/_misc.pyc in andrews_curves(frame, class_column, ax, samples, color, colormap, **kwds)
305 colors = dict(zip(classes, color_values))
306 if ax is None:
--> 307 ax = plt.gca(xlim=(-pi, pi))
308 for i in range(n):
309 row = df.iloc[i].values
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gca(**kwargs)
948 matplotlib.figure.Figure.gca : The figure's gca method.
949 """
--> 950 return gcf().gca(**kwargs)
951
952 # More ways of creating axes:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gcf()
584 return figManager.canvas.figure
585 else:
--> 586 return figure()
587
588
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
Plotting directly with matplotlib¶
In some situations it may still be preferable or necessary to prepare plots directly with matplotlib, for instance when a certain type of plot or customization is not (yet) supported by pandas. Series and DataFrame objects behave like arrays and can therefore be passed directly to matplotlib functions without explicit casts.
pandas also automatically registers formatters and locators that recognize date indices, thereby extending date and time support to practically all plot types available in matplotlib. Although this formatting does not provide the same level of refinement you would get when plotting via pandas, it can be faster when plotting a large number of points.
Note
The speed up for large data sets only applies to pandas 0.14.0 and later.
In [178]: price = pd.Series(np.random.randn(150).cumsum(),
.....: index=pd.date_range('2000-1-1', periods=150, freq='B'))
.....:
In [179]: ma = price.rolling(20).mean()
In [180]: mstd = price.rolling(20).std()
In [181]: plt.figure()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-181-65b822729fc4> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.figure()
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [182]: plt.plot(price.index, price, 'k')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-182-7bb1b226415a> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.plot(price.index, price, 'k')
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in plot(*args, **kwargs)
3305 @_autogen_docstring(Axes.plot)
3306 def plot(*args, **kwargs):
-> 3307 ax = gca()
3308 # Deprecated: allow callers to override the hold state
3309 # by passing hold=True|False
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gca(**kwargs)
948 matplotlib.figure.Figure.gca : The figure's gca method.
949 """
--> 950 return gcf().gca(**kwargs)
951
952 # More ways of creating axes:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gcf()
584 return figManager.canvas.figure
585 else:
--> 586 return figure()
587
588
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [183]: plt.plot(ma.index, ma, 'b')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-183-3728ccc65de7> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.plot(ma.index, ma, 'b')
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in plot(*args, **kwargs)
3305 @_autogen_docstring(Axes.plot)
3306 def plot(*args, **kwargs):
-> 3307 ax = gca()
3308 # Deprecated: allow callers to override the hold state
3309 # by passing hold=True|False
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gca(**kwargs)
948 matplotlib.figure.Figure.gca : The figure's gca method.
949 """
--> 950 return gcf().gca(**kwargs)
951
952 # More ways of creating axes:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gcf()
584 return figManager.canvas.figure
585 else:
--> 586 return figure()
587
588
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
In [184]: plt.fill_between(mstd.index, ma-2*mstd, ma+2*mstd, color='b', alpha=0.2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TclError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-184-9b2b3ade3d33> in <module>()
----> 1 plt.fill_between(mstd.index, ma-2*mstd, ma+2*mstd, color='b', alpha=0.2)
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in fill_between(x, y1, y2, where, interpolate, step, hold, data, **kwargs)
2986 def fill_between(x, y1, y2=0, where=None, interpolate=False, step=None,
2987 hold=None, data=None, **kwargs):
-> 2988 ax = gca()
2989 # Deprecated: allow callers to override the hold state
2990 # by passing hold=True|False
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gca(**kwargs)
948 matplotlib.figure.Figure.gca : The figure's gca method.
949 """
--> 950 return gcf().gca(**kwargs)
951
952 # More ways of creating axes:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in gcf()
584 return figManager.canvas.figure
585 else:
--> 586 return figure()
587
588
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in figure(num, figsize, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, frameon, FigureClass, **kwargs)
533 frameon=frameon,
534 FigureClass=FigureClass,
--> 535 **kwargs)
536
537 if figLabel:
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager(num, *args, **kwargs)
79 FigureClass = kwargs.pop('FigureClass', Figure)
80 figure = FigureClass(*args, **kwargs)
---> 81 return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
82
83
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.pyc in new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
87 """
88 _focus = windowing.FocusManager()
---> 89 window = Tk.Tk()
90 window.withdraw()
91
/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.pyc in __init__(self, screenName, baseName, className, useTk, sync, use)
1820 baseName = baseName + ext
1821 interactive = 0
-> 1822 self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
1823 if useTk:
1824 self._loadtk()
TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable
