/*
  This file is part of CDO. CDO is a collection of Operators to manipulate and analyse Climate model Data.

  Author: Uwe Schulzweida

*/

/*
   This module contains the following operators:

      Mrotuv      mrotuv          Forward rotation for MPIOM data
*/

#include <cdi.h>

#include <mpim_grid.h>
#include "varray.h"
#include "cdo_options.h"
#include "process_int.h"
#include "cdi_lockedIO.h"
#include "matrix_view.h"

void
rotate_uv(Varray<double> &u_i_v, Varray<double> &v_j_v, long nx, long ny, Varray<double> &lon_v, Varray<double> &lat_v,
          Varray<double> &u_lon_v, Varray<double> &v_lat_v)
{
  /*
    in      :: u_i[ny][nx], v_j[ny][nx]      vector components in i-j-direction
    in      :: lat[ny][nx], lon[ny][nx]      latitudes and longitudes
    out     :: u_lon[ny][nx], v_lat[ny][nx]  vector components in lon-lat direction
  */
  constexpr double pi = 3.14159265359;
  MatrixView<double> lon(lon_v.data(), ny, nx);
  MatrixView<double> lat(lat_v.data(), ny, nx);
  MatrixView<double> u_i(u_i_v.data(), ny, nx);
  MatrixView<double> v_j(v_j_v.data(), ny, nx);
  MatrixView<double> u_lon(u_lon_v.data(), ny, nx);
  MatrixView<double> v_lat(v_lat_v.data(), ny, nx);

  // specification whether change in sign is needed for the input arrays
  constexpr auto change_sign_u = false;
  constexpr auto change_sign_v = true;

  // initialization
  v_lat_v.assign(nx * ny, 0.0);
  u_lon_v.assign(nx * ny, 0.0);

  // rotation
  for (long j = 0; j < ny; j++)
    for (long i = 0; i < nx; i++)
      {
        auto ip1 = i + 1;
        auto im1 = i - 1;
        auto jp1 = j + 1;
        auto jm1 = j - 1;
        if (ip1 >= nx) ip1 = 0;  // the 0-meridian
        if (im1 < 0) im1 = nx - 1;
        if (jp1 >= ny) jp1 = j;  // treatment of the last..
        if (jm1 < 0) jm1 = j;    // .. and the fist grid-row

        // difference in latitudes
        auto dlat_i = lat[j][ip1] - lat[j][im1];
        auto dlat_j = lat[jp1][i] - lat[jm1][i];

        // difference in longitudes
        auto dlon_i = lon[j][ip1] - lon[j][im1];
        if (dlon_i > pi) dlon_i -= 2 * pi;
        if (dlon_i < (-pi)) dlon_i += 2 * pi;
        auto dlon_j = lon[jp1][i] - lon[jm1][i];
        if (dlon_j > pi) dlon_j -= 2 * pi;
        if (dlon_j < (-pi)) dlon_j += 2 * pi;

        const auto lat_factor = std::cos(lat[j][i]);
        dlon_i = dlon_i * lat_factor;
        dlon_j = dlon_j * lat_factor;

        // projection by scalar product
        u_lon[j][i] = u_i[j][i] * dlon_i + v_j[j][i] * dlat_i;
        v_lat[j][i] = u_i[j][i] * dlon_j + v_j[j][i] * dlat_j;

        const auto dist_i = std::sqrt(dlon_i * dlon_i + dlat_i * dlat_i);
        const auto dist_j = std::sqrt(dlon_j * dlon_j + dlat_j * dlat_j);

        if (std::fabs(dist_i) > 0.0 && std::fabs(dist_j) > 0.0)
          {
            u_lon[j][i] /= dist_i;
            v_lat[j][i] /= dist_j;
          }
        else
          {
            u_lon[j][i] = 0.0;
            v_lat[j][i] = 0.0;
          }

        // velocity vector lengths
        auto absold = std::sqrt(u_i[j][i] * u_i[j][i] + v_j[j][i] * v_j[j][i]);
        auto absnew = std::sqrt(u_lon[j][i] * u_lon[j][i] + v_lat[j][i] * v_lat[j][i]);

        u_lon[j][i] *= absold;
        v_lat[j][i] *= absold;

        if (absnew > 0.0)
          {
            u_lon[j][i] /= absnew;
            v_lat[j][i] /= absnew;
          }
        else
          {
            u_lon[j][i] = 0.0;
            v_lat[j][i] = 0.0;
          }

        // change sign
        if (change_sign_u) u_lon[j][i] *= -1;
        if (change_sign_v) v_lat[j][i] *= -1;

        if (Options::cdoVerbose)
          {
            absold = std::sqrt(u_i[j][i] * u_i[j][i] + v_j[j][i] * v_j[j][i]);
            absnew = std::sqrt(u_lon[j][i] * u_lon[j][i] + v_lat[j][i] * v_lat[j][i]);

            if (i % 20 == 0 && j % 20 == 0 && absold > 0.0)
              {
                printf("(absold,absnew) %ld %ld %g %g %g %g %g %g\n", j + 1, i + 1, absold, absnew, u_i[j][i], v_j[j][i],
                       u_lon[j][i], v_lat[j][i]);

                // test orthogonality
                if ((dlon_i * dlon_j + dlat_j * dlat_i) > 0.1)
                  fprintf(stderr, "orthogonal? %ld %ld %g\n", j + 1, i + 1, (dlon_i * dlon_j + dlat_j * dlat_i));
              }
          }
      }
}

void
p_to_uv_grid(long nlon, long nlat, Varray<double> &grid1x_v, Varray<double> &grid1y_v, Varray<double> &gridux_v,
             Varray<double> &griduy_v, Varray<double> &gridvx_v, Varray<double> &gridvy_v)
{
  MatrixView<double> grid1x(grid1x_v.data(), nlat, nlon);
  MatrixView<double> grid1y(grid1y_v.data(), nlat, nlon);
  MatrixView<double> gridux(gridux_v.data(), nlat, nlon);
  MatrixView<double> griduy(griduy_v.data(), nlat, nlon);
  MatrixView<double> gridvx(gridvx_v.data(), nlat, nlon);
  MatrixView<double> gridvy(gridvy_v.data(), nlat, nlon);

  // interpolate scalar to u points
  for (long j = 0; j < nlat; j++)
    for (long i = 0; i < nlon; i++)
      {
        auto ip1 = i + 1;
        if (ip1 > nlon - 1) ip1 = 0;

        gridux[j][i] = (grid1x[j][i] + grid1x[j][ip1]) * 0.5;
        if ((grid1x[j][i] > 340 && grid1x[j][ip1] < 20) || (grid1x[j][i] < 20 && grid1x[j][ip1] > 340))
          {
            gridux[j][i] += (gridux[j][i] < 180) ? 180 : -180;
          }

        griduy[j][i] = (grid1y[j][i] + grid1y[j][ip1]) * 0.5;
      }

  // interpolate scalar to v points
  for (long j = 0; j < nlat; j++)
    for (long i = 0; i < nlon; i++)
      {
        auto jp1 = j + 1;
        if (jp1 > nlat - 1) jp1 = nlat - 1;

        gridvx[j][i] = (grid1x[j][i] + grid1x[jp1][i]) * 0.5;
        if ((grid1x[j][i] > 340 && grid1x[jp1][i] < 20) || (grid1x[j][i] < 20 && grid1x[jp1][i] > 340))
          {
            gridvx[j][i] += (gridvx[j][i] < 180) ? 180 : -180;
          }

        gridvy[j][i] = (grid1y[j][i] + grid1y[jp1][i]) * 0.5;
      }
}

void *
Mrotuv(void *process)
{
  size_t nmiss1 = 0, nmiss2 = 0;
  int uid = -1, vid = -1;

  cdo_initialize(process);

  operator_check_argc(0);

  const auto streamID1 = cdo_open_read(0);

  const auto vlistID1 = cdo_stream_inq_vlist(streamID1);

  const auto nvars = vlistNvars(vlistID1);
  for (int varid = 0; varid < nvars; varid++)
    {
      const auto code = vlistInqVarCode(vlistID1, varid);
      if (code == 3 || code == 131) uid = varid;
      if (code == 4 || code == 132) vid = varid;
    }

  if (uid == -1 || vid == -1)
    {
      if (nvars == 2)
        {
          uid = 0;
          vid = 1;
        }
      else
        cdo_abort("U and V not found in %s", cdo_get_stream_name(0));
    }

  const auto nlevs = zaxisInqSize(vlistInqVarZaxis(vlistID1, uid));
  if (nlevs != zaxisInqSize(vlistInqVarZaxis(vlistID1, vid))) cdo_abort("U and V have different number of levels!");

  auto gridID1 = vlistInqVarGrid(vlistID1, uid);
  const auto gridID2 = vlistInqVarGrid(vlistID1, vid);
  const auto gridsize = gridInqSize(gridID1);
  if (gridID1 != gridID2) cdo_abort("Input grids differ!");

  if (gridInqType(gridID1) != GRID_LONLAT && gridInqType(gridID1) != GRID_GAUSSIAN && gridInqType(gridID1) != GRID_CURVILINEAR)
    cdo_abort("Grid %s unsupported!", gridNamePtr(gridInqType(gridID1)));

  if (gridInqType(gridID1) != GRID_CURVILINEAR) gridID1 = gridToCurvilinear(gridID1, 0);

  if (gridsize != gridInqSize(gridID1)) cdo_abort("Internal problem: gridsize changed!");

  const auto nlon = gridInqXsize(gridID1);
  const auto nlat = gridInqYsize(gridID1);

  Varray<double> grid1x(gridsize), grid1y(gridsize);
  Varray<double> gridux(gridsize), griduy(gridsize);
  Varray<double> gridvx(gridsize), gridvy(gridsize);

  gridInqXvals(gridID1, grid1x.data());
  gridInqYvals(gridID1, grid1y.data());

  // Convert lat/lon units if required
  cdo_grid_to_degree(gridID1, CDI_XAXIS, gridsize, grid1x.data(), "grid center lon");
  cdo_grid_to_degree(gridID1, CDI_YAXIS, gridsize, grid1y.data(), "grid center lat");

  p_to_uv_grid(nlon, nlat, grid1x, grid1y, gridux, griduy, gridvx, gridvy);

  const auto gridIDu = gridCreate(GRID_CURVILINEAR, nlon * nlat);
  int datatype = CDI_UNDEFID;
  cdiInqKeyInt(gridID1, CDI_GLOBAL, CDI_KEY_DATATYPE, &datatype);
  cdiDefKeyInt(gridIDu, CDI_GLOBAL, CDI_KEY_DATATYPE, datatype);
  gridDefXsize(gridIDu, nlon);
  gridDefYsize(gridIDu, nlat);
  gridDefXvals(gridIDu, gridux.data());
  gridDefYvals(gridIDu, griduy.data());

  const auto gridIDv = gridCreate(GRID_CURVILINEAR, nlon * nlat);
  cdiDefKeyInt(gridIDv, CDI_GLOBAL, CDI_KEY_DATATYPE, datatype);
  gridDefXsize(gridIDv, nlon);
  gridDefYsize(gridIDv, nlat);
  gridDefXvals(gridIDv, gridvx.data());
  gridDefYvals(gridIDv, gridvy.data());

  for (size_t i = 0; i < gridsize; i++)
    {
      grid1x[i] *= DEG2RAD;
      grid1y[i] *= DEG2RAD;
    }

  vlistClearFlag(vlistID1);
  for (int lid = 0; lid < nlevs; lid++) vlistDefFlag(vlistID1, uid, lid, true);
  const auto vlistID2 = vlistCreate();
  cdo_vlist_copy_flag(vlistID2, vlistID1);
  vlistChangeVarGrid(vlistID2, 0, gridIDu);

  vlistClearFlag(vlistID1);
  for (int lid = 0; lid < nlevs; lid++) vlistDefFlag(vlistID1, vid, lid, true);
  const auto vlistID3 = vlistCreate();
  cdo_vlist_copy_flag(vlistID3, vlistID1);
  vlistChangeVarGrid(vlistID3, 0, gridIDv);

  const auto taxisID1 = vlistInqTaxis(vlistID1);
  const auto taxisID2 = taxisDuplicate(taxisID1);
  const auto taxisID3 = taxisDuplicate(taxisID1);
  vlistDefTaxis(vlistID2, taxisID2);
  vlistDefTaxis(vlistID3, taxisID3);

  const auto streamID2 = cdo_open_write(1);
  const auto streamID3 = cdo_open_write(2);

  cdo_def_vlist(streamID2, vlistID2);
  cdo_def_vlist(streamID3, vlistID3);

  const auto missval1 = vlistInqVarMissval(vlistID1, uid);
  const auto missval2 = vlistInqVarMissval(vlistID1, vid);

  Varray<double> ufield_v(gridsize), vfield_v(gridsize);
  MatrixView<double> ufield(ufield_v.data(), nlat, nlon);
  MatrixView<double> vfield(vfield_v.data(), nlat, nlon);

  Varray2D<double> urfield(nlevs), vrfield(nlevs);
  for (int lid = 0; lid < nlevs; lid++)
    {
      urfield[lid].resize(gridsize);
      vrfield[lid].resize(gridsize);
    }

  Varray2D<double> uhelp(nlat, Varray<double>(nlon + 2));
  Varray2D<double> vhelp(nlat, Varray<double>(nlon + 2));

  int tsID = 0;
  while (true)
    {
      const auto nrecs = cdo_stream_inq_timestep(streamID1, tsID);
      if (nrecs == 0) break;

      cdo_taxis_copy_timestep(taxisID2, taxisID1);
      cdo_def_timestep(streamID2, tsID);
      cdo_taxis_copy_timestep(taxisID3, taxisID1);
      cdo_def_timestep(streamID3, tsID);

      for (int recID = 0; recID < nrecs; recID++)
        {
          int varID, levelID;
          cdo_inq_record(streamID1, &varID, &levelID);

          if (varID == uid) cdo_read_record(streamID1, urfield[levelID].data(), &nmiss1);
          if (varID == vid) cdo_read_record(streamID1, vrfield[levelID].data(), &nmiss2);
        }

      for (int levelID = 0; levelID < nlevs; levelID++)
        {
          // remove missing values
          if (nmiss1 || nmiss2)
            {
              for (size_t i = 0; i < gridsize; i++)
                {
                  if (DBL_IS_EQUAL(urfield[levelID][i], missval1)) urfield[levelID][i] = 0.0;
                  if (DBL_IS_EQUAL(vrfield[levelID][i], missval2)) vrfield[levelID][i] = 0.0;
                }
            }

          // rotate
          rotate_uv(urfield[levelID], vrfield[levelID], nlon, nlat, grid1x, grid1y, ufield_v, vfield_v);

          // load to a help field
          for (size_t j = 0; j < nlat; j++)
            for (size_t i = 0; i < nlon; i++)
              {
                uhelp[j][i + 1] = ufield[j][i];
                vhelp[j][i + 1] = vfield[j][i];
              }

          // make help field cyclic
          for (size_t j = 0; j < nlat; j++)
            {
              uhelp[j][0] = uhelp[j][nlon];
              uhelp[j][nlon + 1] = uhelp[j][1];
              vhelp[j][0] = vhelp[j][nlon];
              vhelp[j][nlon + 1] = vhelp[j][1];
            }

          // interpolate on u/v points
          for (size_t j = 0; j < nlat; j++)
            for (size_t i = 0; i < nlon; i++)
              {
                ufield[j][i] = (uhelp[j][i + 1] + uhelp[j][i + 2]) * 0.5;
              }

          for (size_t j = 0; j < nlat - 1; j++)
            for (size_t i = 0; i < nlon; i++)
              {
                vfield[j][i] = (vhelp[j][i + 1] + vhelp[j + 1][i + 1]) * 0.5;
              }

          for (size_t i = 0; i < nlon; i++)
            {
              vfield[nlat - 1][i] = vhelp[nlat - 1][i + 1];
            }

          cdo_def_record(streamID2, 0, levelID);
          cdo_write_record(streamID2, ufield_v.data(), nmiss1);
          cdo_def_record(streamID3, 0, levelID);
          cdo_write_record(streamID3, vfield_v.data(), nmiss2);
        }

      tsID++;
    }

  cdo_stream_close(streamID3);
  cdo_stream_close(streamID2);
  cdo_stream_close(streamID1);

  cdo_finish();

  return nullptr;
}
