package org.codehaus.plexus.util.introspection;

/*
 * Copyright The Codehaus Foundation.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author <a href="mailto:jvanzyl@apache.org">Jason van Zyl</a>
 * @author <a href="mailto:bob@werken.com">Bob McWhirter</a>
 * @author <a href="mailto:Christoph.Reck@dlr.de">Christoph Reck</a>
 * @author <a href="mailto:geirm@optonline.net">Geir Magnusson Jr.</a>
 * @author <a href="mailto:szegedia@freemail.hu">Attila Szegedi</a>
 * @version $Id$
 */
public class MethodMap
{
    private static final int MORE_SPECIFIC = 0;

    private static final int LESS_SPECIFIC = 1;

    private static final int INCOMPARABLE = 2;

    /**
     * Keep track of all methods with the same name.
     */
    Map<String, List<Method>> methodByNameMap = new Hashtable<String, List<Method>>();

    /**
     * Add a method to a list of methods by name. For a particular class we are keeping track of all the methods with
     * the same name.
     * 
     * @param method The method
     */
    public void add( Method method )
    {
        String methodName = method.getName();

        List<Method> l = get( methodName );

        if ( l == null )
        {
            l = new ArrayList<Method>();
            methodByNameMap.put( methodName, l );
        }

        l.add( method );
    }

    /**
     * Return a list of methods with the same name.
     *
     * @param key The name of the method.
     * @return List list of methods
     */
    public List<Method> get( String key )
    {
        return methodByNameMap.get( key );
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Find a method. Attempts to find the most specific applicable method using the algorithm described in the JLS
     * section 15.12.2 (with the exception that it can't distinguish a primitive type argument from an object type
     * argument, since in reflection primitive type arguments are represented by their object counterparts, so for an
     * argument of type (say) java.lang.Integer, it will not be able to decide between a method that takes int and a
     * method that takes java.lang.Integer as a parameter.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * This turns out to be a relatively rare case where this is needed - however, functionality like this is needed.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param methodName name of method
     * @param args the actual arguments with which the method is called
     * @return the most specific applicable method, or null if no method is applicable.
     * @throws AmbiguousException if there is more than one maximally specific applicable method
     */
    public Method find( String methodName, Object[] args )
        throws AmbiguousException
    {
        List<Method> methodList = get( methodName );

        if ( methodList == null )
        {
            return null;
        }

        int l = args.length;
        Class[] classes = new Class[l];

        for ( int i = 0; i < l; ++i )
        {
            Object arg = args[i];

            /*
             * if we are careful down below, a null argument goes in there so we can know that the null was passed to
             * the method
             */
            classes[i] = arg == null ? null : arg.getClass();
        }

        return getMostSpecific( methodList, classes );
    }

    /**
     * simple distinguishable exception, used when we run across ambiguous overloading
     */
    public static class AmbiguousException
        extends Exception
    {
    }

    private static Method getMostSpecific( List<Method> methods, Class[] classes )
        throws AmbiguousException
    {
        LinkedList<Method> applicables = getApplicables( methods, classes );

        if ( applicables.isEmpty() )
        {
            return null;
        }

        if ( applicables.size() == 1 )
        {
            return applicables.getFirst();
        }

        /*
         * This list will contain the maximally specific methods. Hopefully at the end of the below loop, the list will
         * contain exactly one method, (the most specific method) otherwise we have ambiguity.
         */

        LinkedList<Method> maximals = new LinkedList<Method>();

        for ( Method app : applicables )
        {
            Class[] appArgs = app.getParameterTypes();
            boolean lessSpecific = false;

            for ( Iterator<Method> maximal = maximals.iterator(); !lessSpecific && maximal.hasNext(); )
            {
                Method max = maximal.next();

                switch ( moreSpecific( appArgs, max.getParameterTypes() ) )
                {
                    case MORE_SPECIFIC:
                    {
                        /*
                         * This method is more specific than the previously known maximally specific, so remove the old
                         * maximum.
                         */

                        maximal.remove();
                        break;
                    }

                    case LESS_SPECIFIC:
                    {
                        /*
                         * This method is less specific than some of the currently known maximally specific methods, so
                         * we won't add it into the set of maximally specific methods
                         */

                        lessSpecific = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }

            if ( !lessSpecific )
            {
                maximals.addLast( app );
            }
        }

        if ( maximals.size() > 1 )
        {
            // We have more than one maximally specific method
            throw new AmbiguousException();
        }

        return maximals.getFirst();
    }

    /**
     * Determines which method signature (represented by a class array) is more specific. This defines a partial
     * ordering on the method signatures.
     * 
     * @param c1 first signature to compare
     * @param c2 second signature to compare
     * @return MORE_SPECIFIC if c1 is more specific than c2, LESS_SPECIFIC if c1 is less specific than c2, INCOMPARABLE
     *         if they are incomparable.
     */
    private static int moreSpecific( Class[] c1, Class[] c2 )
    {
        boolean c1MoreSpecific = false;
        boolean c2MoreSpecific = false;

        for ( int i = 0; i < c1.length; ++i )
        {
            if ( c1[i] != c2[i] )
            {
                c1MoreSpecific = c1MoreSpecific || isStrictMethodInvocationConvertible( c2[i], c1[i] );
                c2MoreSpecific = c2MoreSpecific || isStrictMethodInvocationConvertible( c1[i], c2[i] );
            }
        }

        if ( c1MoreSpecific )
        {
            if ( c2MoreSpecific )
            {
                /*
                 * Incomparable due to cross-assignable arguments (i.e. foo(String, Object) vs. foo(Object, String))
                 */

                return INCOMPARABLE;
            }

            return MORE_SPECIFIC;
        }

        if ( c2MoreSpecific )
        {
            return LESS_SPECIFIC;
        }

        /*
         * Incomparable due to non-related arguments (i.e. foo(Runnable) vs. foo(Serializable))
         */

        return INCOMPARABLE;
    }

    /**
     * Returns all methods that are applicable to actual argument types.
     * 
     * @param methods list of all candidate methods
     * @param classes the actual types of the arguments
     * @return a list that contains only applicable methods (number of formal and actual arguments matches, and argument
     *         types are assignable to formal types through a method invocation conversion).
     */
    private static LinkedList<Method> getApplicables( List<Method> methods, Class[] classes )
    {
        LinkedList<Method> list = new LinkedList<Method>();

        for ( Object method1 : methods )
        {
            Method method = (Method) method1;

            if ( isApplicable( method, classes ) )
            {
                list.add( method );
            }

        }
        return list;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the supplied method is applicable to actual argument types.
     * 
     * @param method The method to check for applicability
     * @param classes The arguments
     * @return true if the method applies to the parameter types
     */
    private static boolean isApplicable( Method method, Class[] classes )
    {
        Class[] methodArgs = method.getParameterTypes();

        if ( methodArgs.length != classes.length )
        {
            return false;
        }

        for ( int i = 0; i < classes.length; ++i )
        {
            if ( !isMethodInvocationConvertible( methodArgs[i], classes[i] ) )
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether a type represented by a class object is convertible to another type represented by a class
     * object using a method invocation conversion, treating object types of primitive types as if they were primitive
     * types (that is, a Boolean actual parameter type matches boolean primitive formal type). This behavior is because
     * this method is used to determine applicable methods for an actual parameter list, and primitive types are
     * represented by their object duals in reflective method calls.
     *
     * @param formal the formal parameter type to which the actual parameter type should be convertible
     * @param actual the actual parameter type.
     * @return true if either formal type is assignable from actual type, or formal is a primitive type and actual is
     *         its corresponding object type or an object type of a primitive type that can be converted to the formal
     *         type.
     */
    private static boolean isMethodInvocationConvertible( Class formal, Class actual )
    {
        /*
         * if it's a null, it means the arg was null
         */
        if ( actual == null && !formal.isPrimitive() )
        {
            return true;
        }

        /*
         * Check for identity or widening reference conversion
         */

        if ( actual != null && formal.isAssignableFrom( actual ) )
        {
            return true;
        }

        /*
         * Check for boxing with widening primitive conversion. Note that actual parameters are never primitives.
         */

        if ( formal.isPrimitive() )
        {
            if ( formal == Boolean.TYPE && actual == Boolean.class )
                return true;
            if ( formal == Character.TYPE && actual == Character.class )
                return true;
            if ( formal == Byte.TYPE && actual == Byte.class )
                return true;
            if ( formal == Short.TYPE && ( actual == Short.class || actual == Byte.class ) )
                return true;
            if ( formal == Integer.TYPE
                && ( actual == Integer.class || actual == Short.class || actual == Byte.class ) )
                return true;
            if ( formal == Long.TYPE && ( actual == Long.class || actual == Integer.class || actual == Short.class
                || actual == Byte.class ) )
                return true;
            if ( formal == Float.TYPE && ( actual == Float.class || actual == Long.class || actual == Integer.class
                || actual == Short.class || actual == Byte.class ) )
                return true;
            if ( formal == Double.TYPE && ( actual == Double.class || actual == Float.class || actual == Long.class
                || actual == Integer.class || actual == Short.class || actual == Byte.class ) )
                return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether a type represented by a class object is convertible to another type represented by a class
     * object using a method invocation conversion, without matching object and primitive types. This method is used to
     * determine the more specific type when comparing signatures of methods.
     *
     * @param formal the formal parameter type to which the actual parameter type should be convertible
     * @param actual the actual parameter type.
     * @return true if either formal type is assignable from actual type, or formal and actual are both primitive types
     *         and actual can be subject to widening conversion to formal.
     */
    private static boolean isStrictMethodInvocationConvertible( Class formal, Class actual )
    {
        /*
         * we shouldn't get a null into, but if so
         */
        if ( actual == null && !formal.isPrimitive() )
        {
            return true;
        }

        /*
         * Check for identity or widening reference conversion
         */

        if ( formal.isAssignableFrom( actual ) )
        {
            return true;
        }

        /*
         * Check for widening primitive conversion.
         */

        if ( formal.isPrimitive() )
        {
            if ( formal == Short.TYPE && ( actual == Byte.TYPE ) )
                return true;
            if ( formal == Integer.TYPE && ( actual == Short.TYPE || actual == Byte.TYPE ) )
                return true;
            if ( formal == Long.TYPE && ( actual == Integer.TYPE || actual == Short.TYPE || actual == Byte.TYPE ) )
                return true;
            if ( formal == Float.TYPE
                && ( actual == Long.TYPE || actual == Integer.TYPE || actual == Short.TYPE || actual == Byte.TYPE ) )
                return true;
            if ( formal == Double.TYPE && ( actual == Float.TYPE || actual == Long.TYPE || actual == Integer.TYPE
                || actual == Short.TYPE || actual == Byte.TYPE ) )
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}
