/*
  Copyright (c) 2009 Stefan Kurtz <kurtz@zbh.uni-hamburg.de>
  Copyright (c) 2009 Center for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg

  Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.

  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/

#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "core/error_api.h"
#include "core/minmax.h"
#include "core/mathsupport.h" /* for gt_double_equals_double */
#include "core/unused_api.h"
#include "core/ma.h"
#include "core/arraydef.h"
#include "core/logger.h"
#include "extended/rbtree.h"
#include "extended/ranked_list.h"
#include "chain2dim.h"
#include "prsqualint.h"

/*
  The basic information required for each match is stored
  in a structure of the following type. The user has to specify
  those components which are tagged `user defined'. The chaining
  algorithms computes the remaining components tagged 'compute'
  in chain.
*/

typedef struct
{
  GtChain2Dimpostype startpos[2], /* start of matches in the 2 dimensions,
                                 userdef */
                 endpos[2];  /* end of matches in the 2 dimensions, userdef */
  GtUword firstinchain,   /* first element in chain, computed for all
                                   chainkinds but only used for local chaining
                                */
                previousinchain;  /* previous index in chain, compute */
  GtChain2Dimscoretype
         weight, /* weight of match, user defined */
         initialgap, /* gap to start of sequences, user defined */
         terminalgap, /* gap to last positions of match, user defined */
         score; /* score of highest scoreing chain ending here, compute */
} Matchchaininfo;

struct GtChain2Dimmatchtable
{
   Matchchaininfo *matches;
   GtChain2Dimscoretype largestdim0,
                        largestdim1;
   GtUword nextfree,
                 allocated,
                 /* not NULL only for GLOBALCHAININGALLCHAINS */
                 allprevious,
                 *previouscount,
                 *previousbound,
                 *previoustab;
};

/*
  The following type defines the possible kinds of chaining.
  The mode can be one of the two following values.
*/

typedef enum
{
  GLOBALCHAINING,              /* global chaining without gap costs */
  GLOBALCHAININGWITHGAPCOST,   /* global chaining with L1 gap costs */
  GLOBALCHAININGWITHOVERLAPS,  /* chaining with overlaps */
  GLOBALCHAININGALLCHAINS,     /* global chaining with output of all chains */
  LOCALCHAININGMAX,            /* local chaining; one maximum is reported */
  LOCALCHAININGTHRESHOLD,      /* local chaining; all chains >= minscore */
  LOCALCHAININGBEST,           /* local chaining; k best local chains */
  LOCALCHAININGPERCENTAWAY     /* local chaining; percent away from best */
} GtChain2Dimkind;

static bool chain2dim_chainkind_global(GtChain2Dimkind chainkind)
{
  return (chainkind == GLOBALCHAINING ||
          chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGWITHGAPCOST ||
          chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGWITHOVERLAPS ||
          chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGALLCHAINS) ? true : false;
}

/*
  The following type defines the chain mode consisting of a chainkind.
  If chainkind = LOCALCHAININGTHRESHOLD, then an additional
  component minimumscore is used.
  If chainkind = LOCALCHAININGBEST, then  an additional
  component howmanybest is used.
  If chainkind = LOCALCHAININGPERCENTAWAY, then  an additional
  component percentawayfrombest is defined
*/

struct GtChain2Dimmode
{
  GtChain2Dimkind chainkind;
  GtChain2Dimpostype maxgapwidth;  /* 0 if undefined or
                                  otherwise maximal width of gap */
  GtChain2Dimscoretype minimumscore; /* only defined if
                                  chainkind = LOCALCHAININGTHRESHOLD */
  GtUword howmanybest,   /* only defined if
                                  chainkind = LOCALCHAININGBEST */
                percentawayfrombest;  /* only defined if
                                         chainkind = LOCALCHAININGPERCENTAWAY */
};

typedef GtUword GtChain2Dimref;

GT_DECLAREARRAYSTRUCT(GtChain2Dimref);

/*
  A chain consists of an array of references to chained matches.
  These refer to an array of matchchaininfos.
*/

struct GtChain2Dim
{
  GtArrayGtChain2Dimref chainedmatches;
  GtChain2Dimscoretype scoreofchain;
  bool storedinreverseorder;
};

GtChain2Dimmatchtable *gt_chain_matchtable_new(GtUword numberofmatches)
{
  GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable = gt_malloc(sizeof (*matchtable));
  matchtable->matches = gt_malloc(sizeof (*matchtable->matches) *
                                  numberofmatches);
  matchtable->nextfree = 0;
  matchtable->allocated = numberofmatches;
  matchtable->largestdim0 = matchtable->largestdim1 = 0;
  matchtable->previouscount = NULL;
  matchtable->previousbound = NULL;
  matchtable->previoustab = NULL;
  matchtable->allprevious = 0;
  return matchtable;
}

void gt_chain_matchtable_delete(GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable)
{
  if (matchtable != NULL)
  {
    gt_free(matchtable->matches);
    gt_free(matchtable->previouscount);
    gt_free(matchtable->previousbound);
    gt_free(matchtable->previoustab);
    gt_free(matchtable);
  }
}

void gt_chain_matchtable_empty(GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable)
{
  gt_assert(matchtable != NULL);
  matchtable->largestdim0 = matchtable->largestdim1 = 0;
  matchtable->nextfree = 0;
}

void gt_chain_matchtable_add(GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                             const GtChain2Dimmatchvalues *inmatch)
{
  Matchchaininfo *matchchaininfo;

  gt_assert(matchtable->nextfree < matchtable->allocated);
  gt_assert(inmatch->startpos[0] <= inmatch->endpos[0]);
  gt_assert(inmatch->startpos[1] <= inmatch->endpos[1]);
  matchchaininfo = matchtable->matches + matchtable->nextfree++;
  matchchaininfo->startpos[0] = inmatch->startpos[0];
  matchchaininfo->startpos[1] = inmatch->startpos[1];
  matchchaininfo->endpos[0] = inmatch->endpos[0];
  matchchaininfo->endpos[1] = inmatch->endpos[1];
  matchchaininfo->weight = inmatch->weight;
  if (matchtable->largestdim0 < (GtChain2Dimscoretype) inmatch->endpos[0])
  {
    matchtable->largestdim0 = (GtChain2Dimscoretype) inmatch->endpos[0];
  }
  if (matchtable->largestdim1 < (GtChain2Dimscoretype) inmatch->endpos[1])
  {
    matchtable->largestdim1 = (GtChain2Dimscoretype) inmatch->endpos[1];
  }
}

void gt_chain_fillthegapvalues(GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable)
{
  Matchchaininfo *fiptr;

  for (fiptr = matchtable->matches;
       fiptr < matchtable->matches + matchtable->nextfree;
       fiptr++)
  {
    fiptr->initialgap
      = (GtChain2Dimscoretype) (fiptr->startpos[0] + fiptr->startpos[1]);
    fiptr->terminalgap
      = (GtChain2Dimscoretype) (matchtable->largestdim0 - fiptr->endpos[0] +
                                matchtable->largestdim1 - fiptr->endpos[1]);
  }
}

void gt_chain_applyweight(double weightfactor,
                          GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable)
{
  if (!gt_double_equals_double(weightfactor, 1.0))
  {
    Matchchaininfo *fiptr;

    for (fiptr = matchtable->matches;
         fiptr < matchtable->matches + matchtable->nextfree;
         fiptr++)
    {
      fiptr->weight *= weightfactor;
    }
  }
}

#define MAKEENDPOINT(FID)       (FID)
#define FRAGIDENT(FRAG)         ((FRAG)->fpident)

#define GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS           matchtable->nextfree

#define GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(DIM,IDX)\
        matchtable->matches[IDX].startpos[DIM]
#define GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(DIM,IDX)\
        matchtable->matches[IDX].endpos[DIM]
#define GT_CHAIN2DIM_INITIALGAP(IDX)\
        matchtable->matches[IDX].initialgap
#define GT_CHAIN2DIM_TERMINALGAP(IDX)\
        matchtable->matches[IDX].terminalgap

typedef GtChain2Dimscoretype (*GtChain2Dimgapcostfunction)(
                                                  const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *,
                                                  GtUword,
                                                  GtUword);

typedef struct
{
  GtUword fpident;
  GtChain2Dimpostype fpposition;
} GtChain2DimMatchpoint;

typedef struct
{
  GtRBTree *dictroot;
  GtUword *endpointperm;
} GtChain2DimMatchstore;

typedef struct
{
  GtChain2Dimscoretype maxscore;
  GtUword maxmatchnum;
  bool defined;
} GtChain2DimMaxmatchvalue;

/*
  The component isavailable is used to
  (1) indicate that some score is already stored (when generating the classes)
  (2) indicate that the class representative has not yet been processed
      further (after generation)
*/

typedef struct
{
  bool isavailable;
  GtChain2Dimscoretype score;
} GtChain2DimBestofclass;

static bool gt_chain2dim_overlapping(const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                     GtUword i,
                                     GtUword j)
{
  return (GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(0,i)
            >= GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(0,j) ||
          GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(1,i)
            >= GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(1,j)) ? true : false;
}

static bool gt_chain2dim_colinear(const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                  int dim,
                                  GtUword i,
                                  GtUword j)
{
  return (GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(dim,i)
            < GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(dim,j)) ? true : false;
}

static bool gt_chain2dim_ovl_colinear(const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                      GtUword i,
                                      GtUword j)
{
  return (GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(0, i)
            < GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(0, j) &&
          GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(0, i)
            < GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(0, j)   &&
          GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(1, i)
            < GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(1, j) &&
          GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(1, i)
            < GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(1, j)) ? true : false;
}

static GtChain2Dimscoretype gapcostL1(const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                  GtUword i,
                                  GtUword j)
{
  return (GtChain2Dimscoretype)
         ((GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(0,j)
             - GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(0,i)) +
          (GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(1,j)
             - GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(1,i)));
}

static GtChain2Dimscoretype gt_chain2dim_overlapcost(
                                    const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                    GtUword i,
                                    GtUword j)
{
  GtChain2Dimpostype overlaplength = 0;

  /* add overlap in first dimension */
  if (GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(0, j)
        <= GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(0, i))
  {
    overlaplength += GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(0, i)
                       - GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(0, j) + 1;
  }

  /* add overlap in second dimension */
  if (GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(1, j)
        <= GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(1, i))
  {
    overlaplength += GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(1, i)
                       - GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(1, j) + 1;
  }
  return (GtChain2Dimscoretype) overlaplength;
}

/*
  The Chebychev distance for two qhits h=(i,j) and h'=(i',j')
  is defined as:

                      max{|i'-i-q|,|j'-j-q|},

  whereas i+q-1 is the end point in i-dimension of match 1 and
  j+q-1 is the end point in j-dimension of match 1.
  In using the match specific end points, other than fixed values for q,
  following function generalizes to MEMs as well.
*/

static GtChain2Dimscoretype gapcostCc(const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                  GtUword i,GtUword j)
{
  GtChain2Dimpostype value1, value2;

  gt_assert(GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(0,j)
              > GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(0,i) &&
            GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(1,j)
              > GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(1,i));
  value1 = GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(0,j)
             - GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(0,i) - 1,
  value2 = GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(1,j)
             - GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(1,i) - 1;
  return (GtChain2Dimscoretype) MAX(value1,value2);
}

#define GT_MINARRAYSPACE(A,TYPE,MINLEN)\
        do {\
          if ((MINLEN) >= (A)->allocated##TYPE)\
          {\
            (A)->allocated##TYPE = MINLEN;\
            (A)->space##TYPE = gt_realloc_mem((A)->space##TYPE,\
                                              sizeof (TYPE) *\
                                              (A)->allocated##TYPE,\
                                              __FILE__, __LINE__);\
          }\
          gt_assert((A)->space##TYPE != NULL);\
        } while (false)

static void gt_chain2dim_chainingboundarycases(const GtChain2Dimmode *chainmode,
                                  GtChain2Dim *chain,
                                  const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable)
{
  chain->storedinreverseorder = false;
  if (matchtable->nextfree == 0)
  {
    chain->scoreofchain = 0;
    chain->chainedmatches.nextfreeGtChain2Dimref = 0;
  } else
  {
    if (matchtable->nextfree == 1UL)
    {
      chain->scoreofchain = matchtable->matches[0].weight;
      if (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGWITHGAPCOST)
      {
        chain->scoreofchain -= (GT_CHAIN2DIM_INITIALGAP(0)
                                  + GT_CHAIN2DIM_TERMINALGAP(0));
      }
      chain->chainedmatches.nextfreeGtChain2Dimref = 0;
      GT_STOREINARRAY(&chain->chainedmatches,GtChain2Dimref,32UL,0);
    }
  }
}

static void gt_chain2dim_retrace_previousinchain(GtChain2Dim *chain,
                                   const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                   GtUword retracestart)
{
  GtUword matchnum, lengthofchain;

  chain->storedinreverseorder = false;
  for (lengthofchain = 0, matchnum = retracestart;
       matchnum != GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS; lengthofchain++)
  {
    /* Use previousinchain */
    matchnum = matchtable->matches[matchnum].previousinchain;
  }
  GT_MINARRAYSPACE(&chain->chainedmatches,GtChain2Dimref,lengthofchain);
  chain->chainedmatches.nextfreeGtChain2Dimref = lengthofchain;
  for (matchnum = retracestart;
       matchnum != GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS;
       /* Use previousinchain */
       matchnum = matchtable->matches[matchnum].previousinchain)
  {
    gt_assert(lengthofchain > 0);
    lengthofchain--;
    chain->chainedmatches.spaceGtChain2Dimref[lengthofchain] = matchnum;
  }
  gt_assert(lengthofchain == 0);
}

typedef struct
{
  GtUword level, son;
} GtChain2DimEdgelevel;

GT_DECLAREARRAYSTRUCT(GtChain2DimEdgelevel);

static void gt_chain2dim_nd_retrace_allprevious(
                                   GtArrayGtChain2DimEdgelevel *stack,
                                   GtChain2Dim *chain,
                                   const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                   GtUword retracestart,
                                   GtChain2Dimprocessor chainprocessor,
                                   void *cpinfo)
{
  GtUword idx;
  GtChain2DimEdgelevel *el;

  if (matchtable->previouscount[retracestart] == 0)
  {
    return;
  }
  gt_assert(stack->nextfreeGtChain2DimEdgelevel == 0);
  chain->storedinreverseorder = true;
  GT_MINARRAYSPACE(&chain->chainedmatches,GtChain2Dimref,32UL);
  chain->chainedmatches.spaceGtChain2Dimref[0] = retracestart;
  chain->chainedmatches.nextfreeGtChain2Dimref = 1UL;
  for (idx = matchtable->previousbound[retracestart];
       idx < matchtable->previousbound[retracestart] +
             matchtable->previouscount[retracestart]; idx++)
  {
    if (matchtable->previoustab[idx] != GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS)
    {
      GT_GETNEXTFREEINARRAY(el,stack,GtChain2DimEdgelevel,32UL);
      el->level = 1UL;
      el->son = matchtable->previoustab[idx];
    }
  }
  while (stack->nextfreeGtChain2DimEdgelevel > 0)
  {
    GtChain2DimEdgelevel father
      = stack->spaceGtChain2DimEdgelevel[--stack->nextfreeGtChain2DimEdgelevel];
    GT_MINARRAYSPACE(&chain->chainedmatches,GtChain2Dimref,father.level + 1);
    chain->chainedmatches.spaceGtChain2Dimref[father.level] = father.son;
    chain->chainedmatches.nextfreeGtChain2Dimref = father.level + 1;
    if (matchtable->previouscount[father.son] == 0)
    {
      chainprocessor(cpinfo,matchtable,chain);
    } else
    {
      for (idx = matchtable->previousbound[father.son];
           idx < matchtable->previousbound[father.son] +
                 matchtable->previouscount[father.son]; idx++)
      {
        if (matchtable->previoustab[idx] != GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS)
        {
          GT_GETNEXTFREEINARRAY(el,stack,GtChain2DimEdgelevel,32UL);
          el->level = father.level + 1;
          el->son = matchtable->previoustab[idx];
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

static bool gt_chain2dim_checkmaxgapwidth(const GtChain2Dimmatchtable
                                                                    *matchtable,
                                          GtChain2Dimpostype maxgapwidth,
                                          GtUword leftmatch,
                                          GtUword rightmatch)
{
  GtChain2Dimpostype gapwidth, startpoint, endpoint;

  startpoint = GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(0,rightmatch);
  endpoint = GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(0,leftmatch);
  if (startpoint <= endpoint)
  {
    gapwidth = 0;
  } else
  {
    gapwidth = startpoint - endpoint - 1;
  }
  if (gapwidth > maxgapwidth)
  {
    return false;
  }
  startpoint = GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(1,rightmatch);
  endpoint = GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(1,leftmatch);
  if (startpoint <= endpoint)
  {
    gapwidth = 0;
  } else
  {
    gapwidth = startpoint - endpoint - 1;
  }
  if (gapwidth > maxgapwidth)
  {
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

static void gt_chain2dim_bruteforcechainingscores(
                               const GtChain2Dimmode *chainmode,
                               GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                               GtChain2Dimgapcostfunction chaingapcostfunction)
{
  if (matchtable->nextfree > 1UL)
  {
    GtUword rightmatch;

    matchtable->matches[0].firstinchain = 0;
    matchtable->matches[0].previousinchain = GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS;
    matchtable->matches[0].score = matchtable->matches[0].weight;
    if (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGWITHGAPCOST)
    {
      matchtable->matches[0].score -= (GT_CHAIN2DIM_INITIALGAP(0)
                                         + GT_CHAIN2DIM_TERMINALGAP(0));
    }
    for (rightmatch=1Ul; rightmatch<matchtable->nextfree; rightmatch++)
    {
      const GtChain2Dimscoretype weightright
        = matchtable->matches[rightmatch].weight;
      GtUword leftmatch;
      GtChain2DimMaxmatchvalue localmaxmatch;

      localmaxmatch.defined = false;
      localmaxmatch.maxscore = 0;
      localmaxmatch.maxmatchnum = 0;
      for (leftmatch=0; leftmatch<rightmatch; leftmatch++)
      {
        bool combinable;

        if (chainmode->maxgapwidth != 0 &&
            !gt_chain2dim_checkmaxgapwidth(matchtable,chainmode->maxgapwidth,
                                           leftmatch,rightmatch))
        {
          combinable = false;
        } else
        {
          if (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGWITHOVERLAPS)
          {
            combinable = gt_chain2dim_ovl_colinear(matchtable,leftmatch,
                                                   rightmatch);
          } else
          {
            if (gt_chain2dim_overlapping(matchtable,leftmatch,rightmatch))
            {
              combinable = false;
            } else
            {
              combinable = true;
            }
          }
        }
        if (combinable)
        {
          GtChain2Dimscoretype score = matchtable->matches[leftmatch].score;
          GtUword previous;

          if (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAINING)
          {
            /* process chainkinds without gap costs */
            score += weightright;
            previous = leftmatch;
          } else
          {
            score -= chaingapcostfunction(matchtable,leftmatch,rightmatch);
            if (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGWITHGAPCOST)
            {
              score += (weightright + GT_CHAIN2DIM_TERMINALGAP(leftmatch)
                                    - GT_CHAIN2DIM_TERMINALGAP(rightmatch));
              previous = leftmatch;
            } else
            {
              if (score > 0)
              {
                score += weightright;
                previous = leftmatch;
              } else
              {
                score = weightright;
                previous = GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS;
              }
            }
          }
          if (!localmaxmatch.defined || localmaxmatch.maxscore < score)
          {
            localmaxmatch.maxscore = score;
            localmaxmatch.maxmatchnum = previous;
            localmaxmatch.defined = true;
          }
        }
      }
      if (localmaxmatch.defined)
      {
        matchtable->matches[rightmatch].previousinchain
          = localmaxmatch.maxmatchnum;
        if (localmaxmatch.maxmatchnum == GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS)
        {
          matchtable->matches[rightmatch].firstinchain = rightmatch;
        } else
        {
          matchtable->matches[rightmatch].firstinchain
            = matchtable->matches[localmaxmatch.maxmatchnum].firstinchain;
        }
        matchtable->matches[rightmatch].score = localmaxmatch.maxscore;
      } else
      {
        matchtable->matches[rightmatch].previousinchain
          = GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS;
        matchtable->matches[rightmatch].firstinchain = rightmatch;
        matchtable->matches[rightmatch].score = weightright;
        if (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGWITHGAPCOST)
        {
          matchtable->matches[rightmatch].score
            -= (GT_CHAIN2DIM_INITIALGAP(rightmatch)
                  + GT_CHAIN2DIM_TERMINALGAP(rightmatch));
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

static void gt_chain2dim_ndbfchainscores(GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable)
{
  if (matchtable->nextfree > 1UL)
  {
    GtUword rightmatch;

    matchtable->matches[0].firstinchain = 0;
    matchtable->matches[0].previousinchain = GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS;
    matchtable->matches[0].score = matchtable->matches[0].weight;
    matchtable->previouscount
      = gt_malloc(sizeof (*matchtable->previouscount) * matchtable->nextfree);
    matchtable->previousbound
      = gt_malloc(sizeof (*matchtable->previousbound) * matchtable->nextfree);
    matchtable->previouscount[0] = 0;
    for (rightmatch=1Ul; rightmatch<matchtable->nextfree; rightmatch++)
    {
      const GtChain2Dimscoretype weightright
        = matchtable->matches[rightmatch].weight;
      GtUword leftmatch;
      GtChain2DimMaxmatchvalue localmaxmatch;
      GtUword previouswithbestscore;

      localmaxmatch.defined = false;
      localmaxmatch.maxscore = 0;
      localmaxmatch.maxmatchnum = 0;
      previouswithbestscore = 0;
      for (leftmatch=0; leftmatch<rightmatch; leftmatch++)
      {
        if (gt_chain2dim_colinear(matchtable,0,leftmatch,rightmatch) &&
            gt_chain2dim_colinear(matchtable,1,leftmatch,rightmatch))
        {
          GtChain2Dimscoretype score = matchtable->matches[leftmatch].score;
          GtUword previous;

          if (score > 0)
          {
            score += weightright;
            previous = leftmatch;
          } else
          {
            score = weightright;
            previous = GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS;
          }
          if (!localmaxmatch.defined)
          {
            localmaxmatch.maxscore = score;
            localmaxmatch.maxmatchnum = previous;
            localmaxmatch.defined = true;
            previouswithbestscore = 1UL;
          } else
          {
            if (localmaxmatch.maxscore < score)
            {
              localmaxmatch.maxscore = score;
              localmaxmatch.maxmatchnum = previous;
              previouswithbestscore = 1UL;
            } else
            {
              if (localmaxmatch.maxscore == score)
              {
                previouswithbestscore++;
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
      if (localmaxmatch.defined)
      {
        gt_assert(previouswithbestscore > 0);
        matchtable->matches[rightmatch].previousinchain
          = localmaxmatch.maxmatchnum;
        matchtable->matches[rightmatch].score = localmaxmatch.maxscore;
        matchtable->previouscount[rightmatch] = previouswithbestscore;
      } else
      {
        matchtable->matches[rightmatch].previousinchain
          = GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS;
        matchtable->matches[rightmatch].score = weightright;
        matchtable->previouscount[rightmatch] = 0;
      }
    }
    matchtable->previousbound[0] = matchtable->previouscount[0];
    for (rightmatch=1UL; rightmatch<matchtable->nextfree; rightmatch++)
    {
      matchtable->previousbound[rightmatch]
        = matchtable->previousbound[rightmatch-1] +
          matchtable->previouscount[rightmatch];
    }
    matchtable->allprevious = matchtable->previousbound[matchtable->nextfree-1];
    matchtable->previoustab
      = gt_malloc(sizeof (*matchtable->previoustab) * matchtable->allprevious);
    for (rightmatch=1Ul; rightmatch<matchtable->nextfree; rightmatch++)
    {
      const GtChain2Dimscoretype weightright
        = matchtable->matches[rightmatch].weight;
      GtUword leftmatch;

      if (matchtable->previouscount[rightmatch] == 0)
      {
        continue;
      }
      for (leftmatch=0; leftmatch<rightmatch; leftmatch++)
      {
        if (gt_chain2dim_colinear(matchtable,0,leftmatch,rightmatch) &&
            gt_chain2dim_colinear(matchtable,1,leftmatch,rightmatch))
        {
          GtChain2Dimscoretype score = matchtable->matches[leftmatch].score;
          GtUword previous;

          if (score > 0)
          {
            score += weightright;
            previous = leftmatch;
          } else
          {
            score = weightright;
            previous = GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS;
          }
          if (score == matchtable->matches[rightmatch].score)
          {
            gt_assert(matchtable->previousbound[rightmatch] > 0);
            matchtable->previoustab[--matchtable->previousbound[rightmatch]]
              = previous;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
  The following function compares match points. These are
  end points of matches in dimension 2.
  If the match points are identical, then the order is undefined.
*/

static int gt_chain2dim_cmpendMatchpoint2(const void* keya,
                                          const void* keyb,
                                          GT_UNUSED void *info)
{
  if (((GtChain2DimMatchpoint *) keya)->fpposition <
      ((GtChain2DimMatchpoint *) keyb)->fpposition)
  {
    return -1;
  }
  if (((GtChain2DimMatchpoint *) keya)->fpposition >
      ((GtChain2DimMatchpoint *) keyb)->fpposition)
  {
    return 1;
  }
  if (FRAGIDENT((GtChain2DimMatchpoint *) keya) <
      FRAGIDENT((GtChain2DimMatchpoint *) keyb))
  {
    return -1;
  }
  if (FRAGIDENT((GtChain2DimMatchpoint *) keya) >
      FRAGIDENT((GtChain2DimMatchpoint *) keyb))
  {
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

static GtChain2Dimscoretype gt_chain2dim_evalpriority(bool addterminal,
                                     const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                     GtUword matchnum)
{
  if (addterminal)
  {
    return matchtable->matches[matchnum].score
             - GT_CHAIN2DIM_TERMINALGAP(matchnum);
  }
  return matchtable->matches[matchnum].score;
}

static void gt_chain2dim_insertintodict(bool addterminal,
                                        const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                        GtChain2DimMatchstore *matchstore,
                                        GtChain2DimMatchpoint *qmatch2)
{
  GtChain2DimMatchpoint *retval2;
  bool nodecreated;

  retval2 = (GtChain2DimMatchpoint *) gt_rbtree_search(matchstore->dictroot,
                                                       qmatch2,
                                                       &nodecreated);
  gt_assert(retval2 != NULL);
  if (!nodecreated)
  {
    if (gt_chain2dim_evalpriority(addterminal,matchtable,FRAGIDENT(retval2)) <
        gt_chain2dim_evalpriority(addterminal,matchtable,FRAGIDENT(qmatch2)))
    {
      gt_assert(retval2->fpposition == qmatch2->fpposition);
      retval2->fpident = qmatch2->fpident;
    }
  }
}

static void gt_chain2dim_activatematchpoint(bool addterminal,
                               const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                               GtChain2DimMatchstore *matchstore,
                               GtChain2DimMatchpoint *qmatch2)
{
  GtChain2DimMatchpoint *tmp2;
  GtChain2Dimscoretype qpriority;

  qpriority = gt_chain2dim_evalpriority(addterminal,matchtable,
                                        FRAGIDENT(qmatch2));
  tmp2 = (GtChain2DimMatchpoint *) gt_rbtree_previous_equal_key(
                                     matchstore->dictroot,
                                     qmatch2,
                                     gt_chain2dim_cmpendMatchpoint2,
                                     NULL);
  if (tmp2 == NULL ||
      qpriority > gt_chain2dim_evalpriority(addterminal,matchtable,
                                            FRAGIDENT(tmp2)))
  {
    gt_chain2dim_insertintodict(addterminal,matchtable,matchstore,qmatch2);
    while (true)
    {
      tmp2 = (GtChain2DimMatchpoint *) gt_rbtree_next_key(
                                               matchstore->dictroot,
                                               qmatch2,
                                               gt_chain2dim_cmpendMatchpoint2,
                                               NULL);
      if (tmp2 == NULL ||
          qpriority <= gt_chain2dim_evalpriority(addterminal,matchtable,
                                                 FRAGIDENT(tmp2)))
      {
        break;
      }
      if (gt_rbtree_erase(matchstore->dictroot, tmp2) != 0)
      {
        fprintf(stderr,"cannot delete successor node\n");
        exit(GT_EXIT_PROGRAMMING_ERROR);
      }
    }
  } else
  {
    gt_free(qmatch2);
  }
}

static void gt_chain2dim_evalmatchscore(const GtChain2Dimmode *chainmode,
                                        GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                        GtChain2DimMatchstore *matchstore,
                                        bool gapsL1,
                                        GtUword matchpointident,
                                        unsigned int presortdim)
{
  GtUword previous;
  GtChain2Dimpostype startpos2;
  GtChain2DimMatchpoint *qmatch2;
  GtChain2Dimscoretype score;

  startpos2 = GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDSTARTPOINT(1-presortdim,matchpointident);
  if (startpos2 == 0)
  {
    qmatch2 = NULL;
  } else
  {
    GtChain2DimMatchpoint keymatch2;

    keymatch2.fpposition = startpos2 - 1;  /* it is a start position */
    keymatch2.fpident = MAKEENDPOINT(matchpointident);
                       /* but considered as endpoint */
    qmatch2 = (GtChain2DimMatchpoint *) gt_rbtree_previous_equal_key(
                                                 matchstore->dictroot,
                                                 &keymatch2,
                                                 gt_chain2dim_cmpendMatchpoint2,
                                                 NULL);
    if (qmatch2 != NULL)
    {
      if (chainmode->maxgapwidth != 0 &&
          !gt_chain2dim_checkmaxgapwidth(matchtable,
                                         chainmode->maxgapwidth,
                                         FRAGIDENT(qmatch2),
                                         matchpointident))
      {
        qmatch2 = NULL;
      }
    }
  }
  if (qmatch2 == NULL)
  {
    score = matchtable->matches[matchpointident].weight;
    if (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGWITHGAPCOST)
    {
      score -= GT_CHAIN2DIM_INITIALGAP(matchpointident);
    }
    previous = GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS;
  } else
  {
    score = matchtable->matches[FRAGIDENT(qmatch2)].score;
    if (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAINING)
    {
      score += matchtable->matches[matchpointident].weight;
      previous = FRAGIDENT(qmatch2);
    } else
    {
      GtChain2Dimscoretype tmpgc;

      if (gapsL1)
      {
        tmpgc = gapcostL1(matchtable,FRAGIDENT(qmatch2),matchpointident);
      } else
      {
        tmpgc = gapcostCc(matchtable,FRAGIDENT(qmatch2),matchpointident);
      }
      if (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGWITHGAPCOST || score > tmpgc)
      {
        score += (matchtable->matches[matchpointident].weight - tmpgc);
        previous = FRAGIDENT(qmatch2);
      } else
      {
        score = matchtable->matches[matchpointident].weight;
        previous = GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS;
      }
    }
  }
  matchtable->matches[matchpointident].score = score;
  matchtable->matches[matchpointident].previousinchain = previous;
  if (previous == GT_CHAIN2DIM_UNDEFPREVIOUS)
  {
    matchtable->matches[matchpointident].firstinchain = matchpointident;
  } else
  {
    matchtable->matches[matchpointident].firstinchain
      = matchtable->matches[previous].firstinchain;
  }
}

static bool gt_chain2dim_isrightmaximal_chain(
                                        const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                        GtUword currentmatch)
{
  if (currentmatch == matchtable->nextfree - 1)
  {
    return true;
  }
  /* Use previousinchain */
  if (matchtable->matches[currentmatch+1].previousinchain != currentmatch)
  {
    return true;
  }
  if (matchtable->matches[currentmatch+1].score <
      matchtable->matches[currentmatch].score)
  {
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/* The following function is called only for local chaining. As it is the
   only function which accesses firstinchain, this component is used
   only for local chaining */

static GtChain2DimBestofclass *gt_chain2dim_local_getclassrep(
                   GtChain2DimBestofclass *chainequivalenceclasses,
                   const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                   GtUword matchnum)
{
  return chainequivalenceclasses + matchtable->matches[matchnum].firstinchain;
}

/* The following function is called for local chaining only. */

static void gt_chain2dim_local_determineequivreps(
                                GtChain2DimBestofclass *chainequivalenceclasses,
                                const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable)
{
  GtUword matchnum;
  GtChain2DimBestofclass *classptr, *classrep;

  for (classptr = chainequivalenceclasses;
       classptr < chainequivalenceclasses + matchtable->nextfree;
       classptr++)
  {
    classptr->isavailable = false;
  }
  for (matchnum=0; matchnum<matchtable->nextfree; matchnum++)
  {
    if (gt_chain2dim_isrightmaximal_chain(matchtable,matchnum))
    {
      classrep = gt_chain2dim_local_getclassrep(chainequivalenceclasses,
                                                matchtable,matchnum);
      if (!classrep->isavailable ||
          classrep->score < matchtable->matches[matchnum].score)
      {
        classrep->score = matchtable->matches[matchnum].score;
        classrep->isavailable = true;
      }
    }
  }
}

static bool gt_chain2dim_retrievemaximalscore(GtChain2Dimscoretype *maxscore,
                                              const GtChain2Dimmode *chainmode,
                                              const GtChain2Dimmatchtable
                                                *matchtable)
{
  GtUword matchnum;
  GtChain2Dimscoretype tgap;
  bool maxscoredefined = false;

  *maxscore = 0;
  for (matchnum=0; matchnum<matchtable->nextfree; matchnum++)
  {
    if (gt_chain2dim_isrightmaximal_chain(matchtable,matchnum))
    {
      if (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGWITHGAPCOST)
      {
        tgap = GT_CHAIN2DIM_TERMINALGAP(matchnum);
      } else
      {
        tgap = 0;
      }
      if (!maxscoredefined ||
          *maxscore < matchtable->matches[matchnum].score - tgap)
      {
        *maxscore = matchtable->matches[matchnum].score - tgap;
        maxscoredefined = true;
      }
    }
  }
  return maxscoredefined;
}

static int comparescores(const void *key1,
                         const void *key2,
                         GT_UNUSED void *info)
{
  if (*((GtChain2Dimscoretype *) key1) < *(((GtChain2Dimscoretype *) key2)))
  {
    return -1;
  }
  if (*((GtChain2Dimscoretype *) key1) > *(((GtChain2Dimscoretype *) key2)))
  {
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/* The following function is called for local chaining only. */

static void retrieve_local_chainbestscores(bool *minscoredefined,
                                    GtChain2Dimscoretype *minscore,
                                    const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                    GtUword howmanybest)
{
  GtUword idx, matchnum = 0;
  GtChain2Dimscoretype *scores;
  GtRankedList *dictbestmatches;
  void *minkey;

  scores = gt_malloc(sizeof (*scores) * matchtable->nextfree);
  dictbestmatches = gt_ranked_list_new(howmanybest,comparescores,NULL,NULL);
  for (idx=0; idx<matchtable->nextfree; idx++)
  {
    if (gt_chain2dim_isrightmaximal_chain(matchtable,idx))
    {
      scores[matchnum] = matchtable->matches[idx].score;
      gt_ranked_list_insert(dictbestmatches,
                            (void *) (scores + matchnum));
      matchnum++;
    }
  }
  if (matchnum == 0)
  {
    *minscoredefined = false;
  } else
  {
    minkey = gt_ranked_list_last(dictbestmatches);
    gt_assert(minkey != NULL);
    *minscore = *((GtChain2Dimscoretype *) minkey);
    *minscoredefined = true;
  }
  gt_ranked_list_delete(dictbestmatches);
  gt_free(scores);
}

static void gt_chain2dim_retrievechainthreshold(
                             const GtChain2Dimmode *chainmode,
                             GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                             GtChain2Dim *chain,
                             GtChain2Dimscoretype minscore,
                             GtChain2DimBestofclass *chainequivalenceclasses,
                             GtChain2Dimprocessor chainprocessor,
                             void *cpinfo)
{
  GtUword matchnum;
  GtArrayGtChain2DimEdgelevel stack;

  GT_INITARRAY(&stack,GtChain2DimEdgelevel);
  for (matchnum=0; matchnum < matchtable->nextfree; matchnum++)
  {
    if (gt_chain2dim_isrightmaximal_chain(matchtable,matchnum))
    {
      GtChain2Dimscoretype tgap;

      if (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGWITHGAPCOST)
      {
        tgap = GT_CHAIN2DIM_TERMINALGAP(matchnum);
      } else
      {
        tgap = 0;
      }
      if (matchtable->matches[matchnum].score - tgap >= minscore)
      {
        if (chainequivalenceclasses != NULL)
        {
          GtChain2DimBestofclass *classrep
            = gt_chain2dim_local_getclassrep(chainequivalenceclasses,
                                             matchtable,matchnum);

          gt_assert(classrep != NULL &&
                    !chain2dim_chainkind_global(chainmode->chainkind));
          if (classrep->isavailable &&
              classrep->score == matchtable->matches[matchnum].score - tgap)
          {
            chain->scoreofchain = classrep->score;
            classrep->isavailable = false;
            gt_chain2dim_retrace_previousinchain(chain, matchtable, matchnum);
            chainprocessor(cpinfo,matchtable,chain);
          }
        } else
        {
          chain->scoreofchain = matchtable->matches[matchnum].score - tgap;
          if (chainmode->chainkind != GLOBALCHAININGALLCHAINS)
          {
            gt_chain2dim_retrace_previousinchain(chain, matchtable,
                                                 matchnum);
            chainprocessor(cpinfo,matchtable,chain);
          } else
          {
            gt_chain2dim_nd_retrace_allprevious(&stack,chain, matchtable,
                                                matchnum,chainprocessor,
                                                cpinfo);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  GT_FREEARRAY(&stack,GtChain2DimEdgelevel);
}

static int comparestartandend(const Matchchaininfo *sortedstartpoints,
                              const Matchchaininfo *sortedendpoints,
                              unsigned int presortdim)
{
  if (sortedstartpoints->startpos[presortdim] <
      sortedendpoints->endpos[presortdim])
  {
    return -1;
  }
  if (sortedstartpoints->startpos[presortdim] >
      sortedendpoints->endpos[presortdim])
  {
    return 1;
  }
  return -1;
}

static GtChain2DimMatchpoint *makeactivationpoint(
                                       const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                       GtUword fpident,
                                       unsigned int postsortdim)
{
  GtChain2DimMatchpoint *fpptr;

  fpptr = gt_malloc(sizeof (*fpptr));
  gt_assert(fpptr != NULL);
  fpptr->fpident = MAKEENDPOINT(fpident);
  fpptr->fpposition = GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(postsortdim,fpident);
  return fpptr;
}

static void mergestartandendpoints(const GtChain2Dimmode *chainmode,
                                   GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                   GtChain2DimMatchstore *matchstore,
                                   bool gapsL1,
                                   unsigned int presortdim)
{
  GtUword xidx, startcount, endcount;
  const unsigned int postsortdim = 1U - presortdim;
  bool addterminal = (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAINING) ? false : true;

  matchstore->dictroot = gt_rbtree_new(gt_chain2dim_cmpendMatchpoint2,
                                       gt_free_func, NULL);
  for (xidx = 0, startcount = 0, endcount = 0;
       startcount < matchtable->nextfree &&
       endcount < matchtable->nextfree;
       xidx++)
  {
    if (comparestartandend(matchtable->matches + startcount,
                           matchtable->matches +
                           matchstore->endpointperm[endcount],
                           presortdim) < 0)
    {
      gt_chain2dim_evalmatchscore(chainmode,
                     matchtable,
                     matchstore,
                     gapsL1,
                     startcount,
                     presortdim);
      startcount++;
    } else
    {
      gt_chain2dim_activatematchpoint(addterminal,matchtable,matchstore,
                        makeactivationpoint(matchtable,
                                            matchstore->
                                            endpointperm[endcount],
                                            postsortdim));
      endcount++;
    }
  }
  while (startcount < matchtable->nextfree)
  {
    gt_chain2dim_evalmatchscore(chainmode,
                   matchtable,
                   matchstore,
                   gapsL1,
                   startcount,
                   presortdim);
    startcount++;
    xidx++;
  }
  while (endcount < matchtable->nextfree)
  {
    gt_chain2dim_activatematchpoint(addterminal,matchtable,matchstore,
                      makeactivationpoint(matchtable,
                                          matchstore->
                                          endpointperm[endcount],
                                          postsortdim));
    endcount++;
    xidx++;
  }
}

static unsigned int gt_chain2dim_findmaximalscores(
                                            const GtChain2Dimmode *chainmode,
                                            GtChain2Dim *chain,
                                            GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                            GtChain2DimMatchstore *matchstore,
                                            GtChain2Dimprocessor chainprocessor,
                                            bool withequivclasses,
                                            void *cpinfo,
                                            GtLogger *logger)
{
  GtUword matchnum;
  GtChain2Dimscoretype minscore = 0;
  GtChain2DimMatchpoint *maxpoint;
  GtChain2DimBestofclass *chainequivalenceclasses;
  unsigned int retval;
  bool minscoredefined = false;

  if (withequivclasses && !chain2dim_chainkind_global(chainmode->chainkind))
  {
    chainequivalenceclasses = gt_malloc(sizeof (*chainequivalenceclasses) *
                                        matchtable->nextfree);
    gt_chain2dim_local_determineequivreps(chainequivalenceclasses, matchtable);
  } else
  {
    chainequivalenceclasses = NULL;
  }
  switch (chainmode->chainkind)
  {
    case GLOBALCHAINING:
      maxpoint = gt_rbtree_maximum_key(matchstore->dictroot);
      gt_assert(maxpoint != NULL);
      matchnum = FRAGIDENT(maxpoint);
      minscore = matchtable->matches[matchnum].score;
      minscoredefined = true;
      break;
    case GLOBALCHAININGWITHGAPCOST:
    case GLOBALCHAININGWITHOVERLAPS:
    case GLOBALCHAININGALLCHAINS:
    case LOCALCHAININGMAX:
      minscoredefined
        = gt_chain2dim_retrievemaximalscore(&minscore,chainmode,matchtable);
      break;
    case LOCALCHAININGTHRESHOLD:
      minscore = chainmode->minimumscore;
      minscoredefined = true;
      break;
    case LOCALCHAININGBEST:
      retrieve_local_chainbestscores(&minscoredefined,
                                     &minscore,
                                     matchtable,
                                     chainmode->howmanybest);
      break;
    case LOCALCHAININGPERCENTAWAY:
      minscoredefined
        = gt_chain2dim_retrievemaximalscore(&minscore,chainmode,matchtable);
      if (minscoredefined)
      {
        minscore = (GtChain2Dimscoretype)
                   ((double) minscore *
                    (1.0 - (double) chainmode->percentawayfrombest/100.0));
      }
      break;
    default:
      fprintf(stderr,"chainkind = %d not valid\n",
               (int) chainmode->chainkind);
      exit(GT_EXIT_PROGRAMMING_ERROR);
  }
  if (minscoredefined)
  {
    gt_logger_log(logger,
                  "compute %soptimal %s chains with score >= "GT_WD"",
                  chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGALLCHAINS ? "all " : "",
                  chain2dim_chainkind_global(chainmode->chainkind) ? "global"
                                                                   : "local",
                  minscore);
    gt_chain2dim_retrievechainthreshold(chainmode,
                                        matchtable,
                                        chain,
                                        minscore,
                                        chainequivalenceclasses,
                                        chainprocessor,
                                        cpinfo);
    retval = 0;
  } else
  {
    retval = 1U;
  }
  if (chainequivalenceclasses != NULL)
  {
    gt_free(chainequivalenceclasses);
  }
  return retval;
}

static void makesortedendpointpermutation(GtUword *perm,
                                          GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                          unsigned int presortdim)
{
  GtUword temp, *iptr, *jptr, i, moves = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < matchtable->nextfree; i++)
  {
    perm[i] = i;
  }
  for (iptr = perm + 1UL; iptr < perm + matchtable->nextfree; iptr++)
  {
    for (jptr = iptr; jptr > perm; jptr--)
    {
      if (GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(presortdim,*(jptr-1)) <=
          GT_CHAIN2DIM_GETSTOREDENDPOINT(presortdim,*jptr))
      {
        break;
      }
      temp = *(jptr-1);
      *(jptr-1) = *jptr;
      *jptr = temp;
      moves++;
    }
  }
}

static void fastchainingscores(const GtChain2Dimmode *chainmode,
                               GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                               GtChain2DimMatchstore *matchstore,
                               unsigned int presortdim,
                               bool gapsL1)
{
  matchstore->endpointperm
    = gt_malloc(sizeof (*matchstore->endpointperm) *
                matchtable->nextfree);
  makesortedendpointpermutation(matchstore->endpointperm,
                                matchtable,
                                presortdim);
  mergestartandendpoints(chainmode,
                         matchtable,
                         matchstore,
                         gapsL1,
                         presortdim);
  gt_free(matchstore->endpointperm);
}

static GtChain2Dimgapcostfunction assignchaingapcostfunction(
                                                      GtChain2Dimkind chainkind,
                                                      bool gapsL1)
{
  if (chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGWITHOVERLAPS)
  {
    return gt_chain2dim_overlapcost;
  }
  if (chainkind != GLOBALCHAININGALLCHAINS && chainkind != GLOBALCHAINING)
  {
    if (gapsL1)
    {
      return gapcostL1;
    }
    return gapcostCc;
  }
  return NULL;
}

/*EE
  The following function implements the different kinds of chaining
  algorithms for global and local chaining. The mode is specified
  by \texttt{chainmode}. There are \texttt{numofmatches} many matches,
  each specified in an array \texttt{matchtable} points to.
  \texttt{chain} is the array in which a chain is stored. However,
  do not further process a chain. Just use
  INITARRAY(&chain.chainedmatches,Uint) to initialize it before calling
  \textttt{fastchaining} and
  FREEARRAY(&chain.chainedmatches,Uint) to free the space after calling
  \textttt{fastchaining}. The function \texttt{chainprocessor} processes
  each chain found, and \texttt{cpinfo} is used as the first argument
  in each call to \texttt{chainprocessor}. The function returns
  0 upon success and otherwise, if an error occurs.
  Finally \texttt{gt_logger_log} is applied to each status message generated
  during the execution of \texttt{fastchaining}. If \texttt{gt_logger_log}
  is \texttt{NULL}, then nothing is generated and shown.
*/

void gt_chain_fastchaining(const GtChain2Dimmode *chainmode,
                           GtChain2Dim *chain,
                           GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                           bool gapsL1,
                           unsigned int presortdim,
                           bool withequivclasses,
                           GtChain2Dimprocessor chainprocessor,
                           void *cpinfo,
                           GtLogger *logger)
{
  GT_UNUSED unsigned int retval;
  GtChain2Dimgapcostfunction chaingapcostfunction;

  gt_assert(presortdim <= 1U);
  chaingapcostfunction
    = assignchaingapcostfunction(chainmode->chainkind,gapsL1);
  if (matchtable->nextfree > 1UL)
  {
    GtChain2DimMatchstore matchstore;

    gt_logger_log(logger,"compute chain scores");
    matchstore.dictroot = NULL;
    if (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGWITHOVERLAPS)
    {
      gt_chain2dim_bruteforcechainingscores(chainmode,matchtable,
                                            chaingapcostfunction);
    } else
    {
      if (chainmode->chainkind == GLOBALCHAININGALLCHAINS)
      {
        gt_chain2dim_ndbfchainscores(matchtable);
      } else
      {
        fastchainingscores(chainmode,
                           matchtable,
                           &matchstore,
                           presortdim,
                           gapsL1);
      }
    }
    gt_logger_log(logger,"retrieve optimal chains");
    retval = gt_chain2dim_findmaximalscores(chainmode,
                               chain,
                               matchtable,
                               &matchstore,
                               chainprocessor,
                               withequivclasses,
                               cpinfo,
                               logger);
    if (chainmode->chainkind != GLOBALCHAININGWITHOVERLAPS
        && chainmode->chainkind != GLOBALCHAININGALLCHAINS)
    {
      gt_rbtree_delete(matchstore.dictroot);
    }
  } else
  {
    gt_chain2dim_chainingboundarycases(chainmode, chain, matchtable);
    chainprocessor(cpinfo,matchtable,chain);
    retval = 0;
  }
  /* retval is not reported. */
}

static int cmpMatchchaininfo0(const void *keya,const void *keyb)
{
  if (((const Matchchaininfo *) keya)->startpos[0] <
      ((const Matchchaininfo *) keyb)->startpos[0])
  {
    return -1;
  }
  if (((const Matchchaininfo *) keya)->startpos[0] >
      ((const Matchchaininfo *) keyb)->startpos[0])
  {
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

static int cmpMatchchaininfo1(const void *keya,const void *keyb)
{
  if (((const Matchchaininfo *) keya)->startpos[1] <
      ((const Matchchaininfo *) keyb)->startpos[1])
  {
    return -1;
  }
  if (((const Matchchaininfo *) keya)->startpos[1] >
      ((const Matchchaininfo *) keyb)->startpos[1])
  {
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

typedef int (*Qsortcomparefunction)(const void *,const void *);

void gt_chain_possiblysortmatches(GtLogger *logger,
                                    GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                                    unsigned int presortdim)
{
  if (matchtable->nextfree > 1UL)
  {
    Qsortcomparefunction qsortcomparefunction;
    Matchchaininfo *fptr;
    bool matchesaresorted = true;

    gt_assert(presortdim <= 1U);
    qsortcomparefunction
      = (presortdim == 0) ? cmpMatchchaininfo0 : cmpMatchchaininfo1;
    for (fptr = matchtable->matches;
         fptr < matchtable->matches + matchtable->nextfree - 1;
         fptr++)
    {
      if (qsortcomparefunction((const void *) fptr,
                               (const void *) (fptr+1)) == 1)
      {
        matchesaresorted = false;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (!matchesaresorted)
    {
      gt_logger_log(logger,"input matches are not yet sorted => sort them");
      qsort(matchtable->matches,(size_t) matchtable->nextfree,
            sizeof (*matchtable->matches),qsortcomparefunction);
    } else
    {
      gt_logger_log(logger,"matches are already sorted w.r.t. dimension %u",
                    presortdim);
    }
  }
}

static int parselocalchainingparameter(GtChain2Dimmode *chainmode,
                                       const char *option,
                                       const char *lparam,
                                       GtError *err)
{
  Qualifiedinteger *qualint;

  qualint = gt_parsequalifiedinteger(option,lparam,err);
  if (qualint == NULL)
  {
    return -1;
  }
  switch (qualint->qualtag)
  {
    case Qualbestof:
      chainmode->chainkind = LOCALCHAININGBEST;
      chainmode->howmanybest = qualint->integervalue;
      break;
    case Qualpercentaway:
      chainmode->chainkind = LOCALCHAININGPERCENTAWAY;
      chainmode->percentawayfrombest = qualint->integervalue;
      break;
    case Qualabsolute:
      chainmode->chainkind = LOCALCHAININGTHRESHOLD;
      chainmode->minimumscore = (GtChain2Dimscoretype) qualint->integervalue;
      break;
  }
  gt_free(qualint);
  return 0;
}

static int parseglobalchainingparameter(GtChain2Dimmode *chainmode,
                                        const char *option,
                                        const char *gparam,
                                        GtError *err)
{
  if (strcmp(gparam,GT_CHAIN2DIM_GAPCOSTSWITCH) == 0)
  {
    chainmode->chainkind = GLOBALCHAININGWITHGAPCOST;
    return 0;
  }
  if (strcmp(gparam,GT_CHAIN2DIM_OVERLAPSWITCH) == 0)
  {
    chainmode->chainkind = GLOBALCHAININGWITHOVERLAPS;
    return 0;
  }
  if (strcmp(gparam,GT_CHAIN2DIM_ALLSWITCH) == 0)
  {
    chainmode->chainkind = GLOBALCHAININGALLCHAINS;
    return 0;
  }
  if (err != NULL)
  {
    gt_error_set(err,"argument of option -%s must be %s or %s: ",
                      option,
                      GT_CHAIN2DIM_GAPCOSTSWITCH,
                      GT_CHAIN2DIM_OVERLAPSWITCH);
  } else
  {
    fprintf(stderr,"argument of option -%s must be %s or %s: ",
                   option,
                   GT_CHAIN2DIM_GAPCOSTSWITCH,
                   GT_CHAIN2DIM_OVERLAPSWITCH);
  }
  return -1;
}

GtChain2Dimmode *gt_chain_chainmode_new(GtUword maxgap,
                                        bool globalset,
                                        const char *globalargs,
                                        bool localset,
                                        const char *localargs,
                                        GtError *err)
{
  GtChain2Dimmode *chainmode;
  bool haserr = false;

  gt_assert(!(globalset && localset));
  chainmode = gt_malloc(sizeof (*chainmode));
  chainmode->chainkind = GLOBALCHAINING;
  chainmode->maxgapwidth = (GtChain2Dimpostype) maxgap;
  if (localset)
  {
    if (localargs == NULL)
    {
      chainmode->chainkind = LOCALCHAININGMAX;
    } else
    {
      if (parselocalchainingparameter(chainmode, "local", localargs, err) != 0)
      {
        haserr = true;
      }
    }
  }
  if (globalset)
  {
    if (globalargs == NULL)
    {
      chainmode->chainkind = GLOBALCHAINING;
    } else
    {
      if (parseglobalchainingparameter(chainmode, "global", globalargs,
                                       err) != 0)
      {
        haserr = true;
      }
    }
  }
  if (haserr)
  {
    gt_free(chainmode);
    return NULL;
  }
  return chainmode;
}

void gt_chain_chainmode_delete(GtChain2Dimmode *chainmode)
{
  if (chainmode != NULL)
  {
    gt_free(chainmode);
  }
}

GtChain2Dim *gt_chain_chain_new(void)
{
  GtChain2Dim *chain;

  chain = gt_malloc(sizeof (*chain));
  GT_INITARRAY(&chain->chainedmatches,GtChain2Dimref);
  return chain;
}

void gt_chain_chain_delete(GtChain2Dim *chain)
{
  if (chain != NULL)
  {
    GT_FREEARRAY(&chain->chainedmatches,GtChain2Dimref);
    gt_free(chain);
  }
}

GtChain2Dimscoretype gt_chain_chainscore(const GtChain2Dim *chain)
{
  return chain->scoreofchain;
}

GtUword gt_chain_chainlength(const GtChain2Dim *chain)
{
  return chain->chainedmatches.nextfreeGtChain2Dimref;
}

bool gt_chain_storedinreverseorder(const GtChain2Dim *chain)
{
  return chain->storedinreverseorder;
}

void gt_chain_extractchainelem(GtChain2Dimmatchvalues *value,
                               const GtChain2Dimmatchtable *matchtable,
                               const GtChain2Dim *chain,GtUword idx)
{
  const Matchchaininfo *fiptr;

  gt_assert(idx <  gt_chain_chainlength(chain) &&
            chain->chainedmatches.spaceGtChain2Dimref[idx] <
            matchtable->nextfree);
  fiptr = matchtable->matches +
          chain->chainedmatches.spaceGtChain2Dimref[idx];
  value->startpos[0] = fiptr->startpos[0];
  value->startpos[1] = fiptr->startpos[1];
  value->endpos[0] = fiptr->endpos[0];
  value->endpos[1] = fiptr->endpos[1];
  value->weight = fiptr->weight;
}

void gt_chain_printchainelem(FILE *outfp,const GtChain2Dimmatchvalues *value)
{
  fprintf(outfp,
          ""GT_WU" "GT_WU" "GT_WU" "GT_WU""
          " "GT_WD"\n",value->startpos[0],
                   value->endpos[0],
                   value->startpos[1],
                   value->endpos[1],
                   value->weight);
}
